아동기 성폭력 피해의 비폭로 요인-폭로하지 않은 채 성인이 된 여성들을 중심으로 -
The factors influencing children to non–disclosure of sexual violence: Focusing on the experiences of women who non–disclosing child sexual abuse
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초록
본 연구는 아동기 성폭력 피해의 비폭로 요인을 생생하고 사실적으로 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 만 13세 이전에 아동기 성폭력 피해를 경험하였으나 신뢰할 만한 대상에게 폭로하지 못하고 성인이 된 피해자 4명을 대상으로 심층 면담을 실시하였으며, 질적분석을 통해 비폭로 관련 주제를 도출하였다. 그 결과 가족의 역기능성, 자기귀인, 성인지 왜곡, 정서적 고통, 기억 억제, 가해자에 대한 애착, 인지발달적 제한이라는 주제가 도출되었다. 가정이 역기능적일 때 폭로가 억제되었으며, 피해가 반복될수록 아동은 성폭력에 적응하면서 스스로를 더럽고 성적인 아이라고 낙인찍고 자기-벌주기를 하였다. 성폭력 과정에서 잘못 습득된 왜곡된 성인지는 자기귀인을 심화시켰고 폭로를 어렵게 하였으며, 사건과 연합된 정서적 고통은 사건에 대한 기억억제로 이어졌다. 피해아동은 심리적 생존을 위해 가해자에 대한 애착을 형성하였으며, 인지발달적 제한은 상황을 오해석하고 가해자를 좋은 인물로 이상화하는 데에 일조하였다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 임상적 및 수사적 장면에서 아동기 성폭력의 비폭로 현상을 어떻게 이해할 수 있는지에 대해 논의한 다음 연구의 의의와 제한점 및 제언을 제시하였다.
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the factors influencing children to non–disclosure of sexual Abuse. The participations in this study are 4 women who had experienced child sexual abuse under the age of 13 but could not disclose their CSA to someone. The participants received in–depth interview individually. The interview datum including verbatim and behavior observation were analysed through qualitative research technique. The results indicated that 7 core factors were influencing non–discloure of CSA. There were included family dysfunction, self–attribution, cognitive distortion about sex, emotional distress, memory suppress, attachment to the perpetrator, and the developmental limitations of cognition. Their disclosure was suppressed when they could not anticipate positive result, especially when their families are dysfunctional and their protectors are abusive or non–supportive. The children of dysfunctional family developed fear that their exposure might bring down their families or distress their parents. As sexual abuse repeated, the children adapted themselves to the incidents and reinforced to punish and stigmatized themselves as filthy and sexually immoral and finally attributed themselves that everything caused because of them. Sexually abused children acquired distorted sexual cognition in process of incidents. The distorted sexual cognition that wrongly formed through the incidents suppressed the disclosure of SA. Emotional distresses resulting from the incidents also led to psychological resistance against recalling the incident consciously, and carried it over to a memory suppress and disclosure of SA. Besides, some children formed an attachment to the perpetrator for their psychological survival. The developmental limitations of cognition led to misinterpretation of SA, and could not know how to speak.
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