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성폭력 피해 아동의 진술양상

Statement Patterns of Sexually Abused Children

이영호|김태경
한국임상심리학회 (Korean Clinical Psychology Association)|2010.02|Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology|제29권 제1호|pp. 301-325|DOI 10.15842/kjcp.2010.29.1.017

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참고문헌

키워드

아동성폭력최초폭로유형진술조사진술양상진술취소진술능력child sexual abuse(CSA)first disclosure typestatement patternrecantationforensic interviewstatement ability
주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구는 성폭력 피해 아동의 최초진술 및 진술조사 시의 진술양상과 관련요인을 면밀하게 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 객관적인 증거를 통해 성폭력 피해가 확인된 190명의 최초폭로유형, 진술조사 시 조사자의 질문유형에 따른 폭로유형, 진술능력, 조사 시점 간 폭로유형과 진술내용의 변화 추이, 영향요인 등을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 최초에 피해를 자발적으로 폭로한 아동이 50%였으며, 비유도적 촉진질문에서 폭로한 아동 34.7%, 유도질문에서 폭로한 아동 14.2%, 그리고 폭로한 적이 없는 아동이 1.1%였다. 자발적 폭로에는 성별, 연령, 지능, 피해의 빈도, 위협의 강도, 피-가해자 관계, 해리 경향성이 영향력을 행사하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 여아일수록, 연령이 많을수록, 지능이 높을수록, 피해의 빈도가 적을수록, 위협강도가 높을수록, 피-가해자 간 친밀감이 적을수록, 아동이 해리기제를 덜 사용할수록 자발적 폭로율은 증가하였다. 아동성폭력 전담 지원 기관의 진술조사 시 폭로율은 86.3%였으며, 개방형 질문에서 폭로한 아동이 49.5%, 비유도적인 촉진질문에서 폭로한 아동 25.8%, 유도질문에서 폭로한 아동 11.1%로 나타났다. 이전보다 진술조사 시에 진술이 더욱 풍부해진 아동이 5.3%에 불과하였으며, 50%가 이전과 유사한 정도의 정보를 진술하였고, 정보가 현저히 감소한 아동이 30.5%로 상당히 높았다. 진술취소율이 13.2%였는데, 최초에 유도적인 질문에 의해 피해를 폭로한 아동일수록, 그리고 어린 아동일수록 진술을 취소할 가능성이 높았으며, 진술취소와 피-가해자의 관계 간에는 유의한 관련성이 발견되지 않았다. 진술된 정보의 양을 기준으로 진술능력을 측정한 결과, 피해에 대해 구체적이고 풍부하게 진술한 아동이 41.6%였으며, 26.3%에서는 진술의 구체성이 부족하였고, 18.4%는 피해를 폭로하기는 하나 구체적인 진술은 불가능하였다. 최초에 자발적으로 폭로한 아동일수록, 그리고 보호자가 지지적일수록 아동의 진술능력이 양호하였고, 연령은 8세 이하에서만 의미 있는 영향요인이었다. 이러한 결과를 종합하여 연구의 시사점과 의의, 제한점, 및 후속 연구를 위한 제언에 대해 논의하였다.

Abstract

This study aimed to identify statement patterns of sexually abused children. As such, we analyzed first disclosure type, statement ability, statement variation between initial and forensic interviews, and impact factors related to the statement patterns. The participants were confirmed sexually abused children (n=190). Results indicated that in the initial stage, 50% spontaneously disclosed, 34.7% disclosed to non-leading questions, 14.2% disclosed to leading questions, and 1.1% never disclosed their SA. Initial spontaneous disclosure was related to age, gender, IQ, SA frequency, threat intensity, victim-perpetrator's relationship, and dissociation tendency. Disclosure rates during the forensic interview were 86.3%. 49.5% disclosed to open questions, 25.8% disclosed to specific questions, and 11.1% disclosed to leading questions. 5.3% reported more information than the initial reports. Fifty percent reported information as much as the initial reports. 30.5% reported significantly less information as compared to their initial reports. 13.2% recanted their previous reports. It was also found that children who initially disclosed to leading question and/or young children were more likely to recant. However, there was no significant relationship between victim-perpetrator's relationship and recantation. In terms of statement ability based on amount of reported information, 41.6% had good enough competency, 26.3% had not good enough competency, and 18.4% had no competency for SA statement. Those who spontaneously disclosed in the initial stage and/or who had supportive caretaker were found to reveal more substantial information than others. Further, age was a effective variable for statement ability; however, this was limited to children younger than eight years old. The implications of the finding and limitations of current study, as well as, recommendations for future studies have been provided.

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