브랜드 인지도, 지각된 서비스 품질, 물리적 환경이 구매의도에 미치는 영향: 자아일치성의 매개효과 중심으로
The Effects of Brand Awareness, Perceived Service Quality and Physical Environment on Purchase Intention: Focusing on mediation effect of Congruity
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참고문헌
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초록
오늘날 소비자의 욕구는 한층 다양화되고, 끊임없이 새롭게 변화하고 있다. 이렇게 수시로 변화하는 소비자를 만족시키기 위해 기업은 브랜드의 품질 측면뿐만 아니라 소비자와의 관계형성에도 중요하게 관심을 두고 있는 실정이다. 특히, 요즘 들어 기업이 소비자와 관계형성 중 장기적인 경쟁적 우위를 위해 가질 수 있는 방안으로 소비자의 일치성이 부각되고 있다. 기업의 입장에서 소비자의 일치성을 잘 활용하면, 강력한 브랜드 구축과 마케팅 전략의 핵심을 이루는 포지셔닝 전략을 수립하는데 도움이 되어 강력한 마케팅을 통한 매출향상을 기대할 수 있기 때문이다. 학문적으로도 소비자와 제품의 기능적 속성과 관련된 ‘기능적 일치성’이나 소비자의 자아와 제품의 적합성과 관련된 ‘자아 일치성’등에 관한 연구들이 꾸준히 발표되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존의 선행 연구들에서 많이 언급된 브랜드 인지도, 지각된 서비스 품질, 물리적 환경(매력성, 환경성, 청결성, 공간성)등 다양한 외생변수가 자아 일치성과 기능적 일치성 등에 영향을 미치고 이러한 매개변수가 다시 구매의도(재방문의도, 구전의도, 전환의도)에 미치는 연구모형을 설정 한 후, 커피전문점을 찾은 소비자들을 대상으로 데이터를 수집 후 분석 하였다. 연구의 결과와 의의는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 브랜드 인지도, 지각된 서비스 품질, 물리적 환경(매력성, 환경성, 청결성, 공간성)은 자아 일치성에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 브랜드 인지도, 물리적 환경(매력성, 환경성, 공간성)이 기능적 일치성에 유의한 영향을 미친 반면, 지각된 서비스 품질, 물리적환경(청결성)은 유의한 영향을 미치지 못했다. 셋째, 자아 일치성과 기능적 일치성은 구매의도인 재방문의도와 구전의도에 정(+)의 방향으로 유의하게 영향을 미쳤으며, 전환의도에는 부(-)의 방향으로 유의하게 영향을 미쳤다. 위의 결과 내용을 바탕으로 커피 전문점의 브랜드 인지도 와 지각된 서비스 품질, 물리적 환경의 요인들이 소비자의 구매행동을 유발하는데 기능적 일치성 보다는 자아일치성이 중요한 영향요인이 되고, 타켓고객의 자아 이미지에 맞추어 브랜드 이미지의 개성창출과 제품에 대한 일치성을 창출하는 것이 주요 차별점이 될 수 있다는 마케팅 실무적 시사점을 제공하였다.
Abstract
This study is to examine the effect of brand awareness and perceived service quality andphysical environment on congruity and purchase intention in Korean coffee shop. This studyalso investigates how brand awareness and perceived service quality and physical environmentplay mediating roles between congruity and purchase intention on focusing on coffee shop. For these purposes, the author developed a structural model which consists of several constructs. In the model, brand awareness and perceived service quality and physical environment wasproposed to affect the congruity and purchase intention focusing on coffee shop. The data were collected from 384 coffee shop customer in order to test convergent validityand discriminant validity of the measures of each construct. The results of factor analyses withreliability test with Cronbach's α warranted unidimensionality of the measures for each construct. In addition, nomological validity of the measures of each construct was warranted from theresult of correlation analysis. The data were analyzed with reliablity analysis, path analysis and structural equationmodeling with AMOS 18.0 and SPSS Win/PC 18.0. The result of the overall model analysisappeared as follow: χ²=130.591(df=18), p=.000, GFI=.946, AGFI=.802, CFI=.949, NFI=.942, IFI=.950, TLI=.844, RMSEA=.128. Since the result of the overall model analysisdemonstrated a good fit, we could further analyze our data. The findings can be summarized as follows: Firstly, brand awareness had a positive effect oncongruity. Secondly, perceived service quality had a positively effect on self-congruity, but hadnot a direct effect on functional congruity. Thirdly, physical environmental(attractiveness,environment, interior cleanliness, spatiality)had a positive effect on self-congruity, but physicalenvironment on interior cleanliness factor had not a direct effect on functional congruity. Fourthly,self-congruity and functional congruity had not a direct effect on purchase intention. At the end of this paper, theoretical and managerial implications, limitations, and furtherresearch directions were suggested.
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