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가치-태도-행동 모델에 기반한 공유숙박에 대한 소비자행동의 이해: 에어비앤비 서비스를 중심으로

Understanding Consumer Behavior on Shared Accommodation Based on Value-Attitude-Behavior Hierarchy Model: Focusing on Airbnb

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초록

본 연구의 목적은 가치-태도-행동(Value-Attitude-Behavior Hierarchy Model: VAB모델)모델을 적용하여 공유숙박에 대한 소비자 행동의 이해를 하고자 함이다. 연구의 대상으로 공유숙박 서비스의 대표격인 에어비앤비를 선정하였고 이에 대한 소비자의 지각된 가치(Value)가 인지도와 태도(Attitude)에 미치는 영향, 그리고 인지도와 태도가 브랜드충성도(Behavior)에 미치는 영향에 대해 고찰하였다. 또한 태도와 충성도에 미치는 공유숙박을 이용하는 데 소비자가 지각하는 위험의 부정적 효과를 검증하고 공유숙박 서비스 사용 경험을 기준으로 소비자 집단을 나누어 연구모형의 영향력을 비교 검증하였다. 에어비앤비의 모바일 어플리케이션을 경험한 294명을 대상으로 설문지법을 사용하여 조사를 실시하였다. 구조방정식을 기반한 데이터 분석 결과, 공유경제에 대한 정서적 가치와 사회적 가치가 에어비앤비에 대한 인지도와 태도에 정의 영향을 미쳤다. 또한 인지도와 태도는 에어비앤비에 대한 충성도에 정의 영향을 미쳤다. 다른 한편으로 에어비앤비를 실제로 사용해 본 경험에 대한 조절효과가 유의하게 나타나, 사용 경험이 있는 사람은 정서적 가치만 유의한 반면, 사용 경험 전에는 사회적 그리고 지속가능적 가치도 함께 중요하게 생각하였다. 또한 사용 경험이 있는 사람들에게 에어비앤비 서비스에 대해 지각된 위험이 태도에 부적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 드러났다. 본 연구는 VAB모델을 적용하여 공유숙박에 대한 소비자 행동 의도를 분석하는 모형을 제시하며 최근 급부상하는 새로운 사업모델에 대한 실증적 결과를 통해 학문적 기여를 하고자 하였다. 그리고 브랜드충성도를 높이기 위해 공유경제에 대한 정서적 가치와 사회적 가치를 소비자가 지각할 수 있는 방향으로 서비스 프로세스를 재활성화하는 전략이 필요하다는 실무적 시사점을 제공한다.

Abstract

The current research attempted to explore consumers’ behavioral intention toward collaborating consumption toward hospitality and tourism based on VAB(Value-Attitude-Behavior Hierarchy Model). Specifically, the suggested conceptual model including the hypotheses relating consumers’ perceived value, brand awareness, attitude and loyalty toward Airbnb. Airbnb is the wellknown business model adopting the collaborating consumption to hospitality and tourism industry. In addition, the negative effects of perceived privacy concern on attitude and loyalty were verified. On the other hand, we explored the moderating effect of consumers’ usage experience on the suggested relationships in the conceptual model. Consumers’ perceived value comprised emotional, social and economic, and sustainable value. Online survey was administrated to mobile users who have experienced Airbnb’s application. Totally, 294 answers were utilized for testing the hypotheses based on the structural equation modeling. As a result, only emotional and social value turned out to be significant and positive influencers toward brand awareness and attitude toward Airbnb. However, when comparing multi-group analysis to see if moderating effect of usage experience in Airbnb is significant, social as well as sustainable value turned out to be positively significant influencers on brand awareness and attitude only in the group of new comers of Airbnb, who had not ever experienced Airbnb’s service. On the other hand, the impact of perceived privacy concern on attitude was significant in the user group of Airbnb. This research not only may fill the gap of the literature stream on sharing economy evolved by online commerce, but also can shed a light on understanding of Korean consumers’ value seeking behavior toward sharing economy and collaborating consumption.

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