Two Types of NPIs: Universals vs. Existential
2
조회
0
다운로드
7
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
A negative polarity item, according to the standard view in the literature (Ladusaw 1979, among many others), is an existential quantifier that should be under the syntactic scope of its licensor for a proper interpretation. I argue, however, that negative polarity items in Korean vary in quantificational force, that is, universal vs. existential. An interesting contrast emerges between amwuto 'anyone' NPIs and bare wh-word NPIs with respect to their distribution and locality in that the latter show a far broader distribution than the former and are not subject to locality in contrast to the former. I will show that the contrast in distribution and locality essentially reduces to the differnt quantificational force of the two NPIs: Amwuto is universal in quantificational force, whereas the bare wh-word NPI is existential in nature.
Abstract
A negative polarity item, according to the standard view in the literature (Ladusaw 1979, among many others), is an existential quantifier that should be under the syntactic scope of its licensor for a proper interpretation. I argue, however, that negative polarity items in Korean vary in quantificational force, that is, universal vs. existential. An interesting contrast emerges between amwuto 'anyone' NPIs and bare wh-word NPIs with respect to their distribution and locality in that the latter show a far broader distribution than the former and are not subject to locality in contrast to the former. I will show that the contrast in distribution and locality essentially reduces to the differnt quantificational force of the two NPIs: Amwuto is universal in quantificational force, whereas the bare wh-word NPI is existential in nature.
참고문헌 (43)
- Arnaiz, Alfredo, "N Words and Wh in situ,In Nature and Interactions", 박사, pp.1996
- Baker, C. Lee, "Double negatives", Linguistic Inquiry, 1, pp.169~186 (1970)
- Carlson, Greg, "Polarity any is Existential", Linguistic Inquiry, 11, pp.799~804 (1980)
- Cheng, Lisa, "On the Typology of Wh Questions", 박사, pp.1991
- Choe, Hyun Sook, "Restructuring Parameters and Complex Predicates", 박사, pp.1988
- Choi, YoungSik, "The Syntax and Semantics of NPI Licensing in Korean", WECOL, 12, pp.164~175 (2000)
- Choi, YoungSik, "Asymmetry of Scope Taking in Wh Questions", 박사, pp.2002
- 최영식, "Argument Negative Polarity Items in Korean", 언어연구, 26(1), pp.195~212 (2010), 한국현대언어학회
- Chung, Daeho, "NPIs Outside of Negation Scope", pp.415~435 (1998), CSLI Publications
- Dahl, Ӧsten, "Some Notes on Indefinites", Language, 46, pp.33~41 (1970)
- Farkas, Donka, "Quantifier scope and syntactic islands", Chicago Linguistics Society, 7, pp.59~66 (1981)
- Farkas, Donka, "How Clause bounded is the Scope of Universals? Semantics and Linguistic Theory" (1996), Cornell University
- Farkas, Donka, "Ways of Scope Taking", pp.183~215 (1997), Academic Publishers
- Fauconnier, Gilles, "Implication reversal in natural Language" (1979), Reidel
- Giannakidou, "The Blackwell Companion to Syntax", pp.327~391 (2006), Blackwell Publishing
- Heim, Irene, "The Semantics of definite and Indefinite Noun Phrases", 박사, pp.1982
- Hoeksema, Jack, "Negative Polarity and the Comparative", Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 1, pp.403~434 (1983)
- Horn, Laurence, "On the Semantic Properties of Logical Operators in English", 박사, pp.1972
- Kang, Myung Yoon, "Topics in Korean Syntax,In Phrase Structure", 박사, pp.1988
- Kim, Kwang sup, "A Paradox in Korean NPI licensing", Studies in Generative Grammar, 9, pp.403~428 (1999)
- Kim, Soo Won, "Chain Scope and Quantification Structure. Doctoral dissertation", 박사, Brandeis University, pp.1991
- Klima, Edward, "The Structure of Language" (1964), Prentice Hall
- Kuroda, S Y, "Generative Grammatical Studies in the Japanese language", 박사, pp.1965
- Ladusaw,William, "Polarity Sensitivity as Inherent Scope Relations", 박사, University of Texas, pp.1979
- Laka,Itziar, "Negation in Syntax:On the Nature of Functional Categories and Projections.Doctoral dissertation,MIT", 박사, pp.1990
- Types of NPIs and Nonveridicality in Korean and other Languages, "Lee, Chungmin", 96~132 (1999)
- Lee, Young Suk, "The semantics of ANY Revisited", NELS, 통권 : 23, pp.287~301 (1993)
- Lewis,David, "Formal Semantics of Natural language", pp.3~15 (1975), Cambridge University
- Li, Audrey, "Indefinite Wh in Mandarin Chinese", Journal of East Asian Linguistics, 1, pp.125~155 (1992)
- Linebarger, Marcia, "The Grammar of Negative Polarity", 박사, pp.1980
- Ludlow, Peter, "Indefinite descriptions in defense of Russell", Linguistics and Philosophy, 14, pp.171~202 (1991)
- Milsark, Gary, "Existential Sentences in English", 박사, pp.1974
- Nishigauchi, "Quantification in the Theory of Grammar" (1990), Kluwer
- Penka, Doris, "Almost there,In The meaning of almost", Sinn and Bedeutung, 통권 : 10, pp.275~286 (2006)
- Progovac,Ljiljana, "A Binding Approach to Polarity Sensitivity", 박사, pp.1988
- Progovac, Ljiljana, "Negative and Positive Polarity,In A Binding Approach" (1994), Cambridge University
- Quine, Willard, "Word and Object" (1960), MIT
- Reinhart, Tanya, "Quantifier Scope,In How Labor is Divided between QR and Choice Functions", Linguistics and Philosophy, 20, pp.335~397 (1997)
- Sohn, Keun Won, "Negative Polarity Items, Scope, and Economy", 박사, pp.1995
- Suh, Jinhee, "Scope Phenomena and Aspects of Korean Syntax", 박사, pp.1990
- De Swart, Henriёtte, "Introduction to Natural Language Semantics" (1998), CSLI Publications
- Zwarts, Frans, "Nonveridical Contexts", Linguistic Analysis, 25, pp.286~312 (1995)
- Zwarts, Frans, "Three Types of Polarity" (1998), Kluwer Academic Publishers