기독교 공동체의 전쟁과 평화, 그리고 공생 ―‘30년 전쟁’(1618-1648)과 관련하여
War, Peace and Coexistence among Christian Communities –With reference to the Thirty Years War(1618-1648)
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This paper aims to explore War, Peace and Coexistence among Christian Communities with reference to the Thirty Years War(1618-1648), which was one of the decisive episode not only in European Church history, but also in Western history. The war was the most tragic results from so called “Das Kofessionelle Zeitalter” in which the Roman Catholic Church, the Lutheran Church, and (Calvinistic) Reformed Church were conflicting and competing to expand their own religion in German Holy Roman Empire. It represented the crisis of the system of ‘Augsburg Peace’ in 1555, especially when the (Calvinistic) Reformed Church in the Empire was aggressive in its expansion. In the beginning, the war was motivated by the religious cause, but it gradually involved many complicated circumstances such as political hegemony, territorial problem and so on. The after-effects of the war were most disastrous to the German Empire among the other European Countries. The war was closed with the Peace of Westfalen. The peace was a compromised product. Although the controversial religious problems in terms of doctrine was unsolved, the (Calvinistic) Reformed Church was approved as legal “Konfession”(religious denomination) in the German Empire. The independence of the United Provinces (Netherlands) and Switzerland was accepted. The actual boundaries of the Empire also changed. France and Sweden gained the part of the territory of the Empire. On the other hand, the decentralization system of the Empire was strengthened. As the after-effect of the war, the European Christian Community was more secularized. Also, the Christian faith became relative and was getting privatized. Unfortunately, the public peace of the religions was settled by politician, and diplomat, not churchman. The European Christian Community was getting more and more generous to acknowledge the tradition and teaching of other “Konfession”.
Abstract
This paper aims to explore War, Peace and Coexistence among Christian Communities with reference to the Thirty Years War(1618-1648), which was one of the decisive episode not only in European Church history, but also in Western history. The war was the most tragic results from so called “Das Kofessionelle Zeitalter” in which the Roman Catholic Church, the Lutheran Church, and (Calvinistic) Reformed Church were conflicting and competing to expand their own religion in German Holy Roman Empire. It represented the crisis of the system of ‘Augsburg Peace’ in 1555, especially when the (Calvinistic) Reformed Church in the Empire was aggressive in its expansion. In the beginning, the war was motivated by the religious cause, but it gradually involved many complicated circumstances such as political hegemony, territorial problem and so on. The after-effects of the war were most disastrous to the German Empire among the other European Countries. The war was closed with the Peace of Westfalen. The peace was a compromised product. Although the controversial religious problems in terms of doctrine was unsolved, the (Calvinistic) Reformed Church was approved as legal “Konfession”(religious denomination) in the German Empire. The independence of the United Provinces (Netherlands) and Switzerland was accepted. The actual boundaries of the Empire also changed. France and Sweden gained the part of the territory of the Empire. On the other hand, the decentralization system of the Empire was strengthened. As the after-effect of the war, the European Christian Community was more secularized. Also, the Christian faith became relative and was getting privatized. Unfortunately, the public peace of the religions was settled by politician, and diplomat, not churchman. The European Christian Community was getting more and more generous to acknowledge the tradition and teaching of other “Konfession”.
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