역대 한국 정부의 통일 정책에 대한 기독교 윤리적 응답(전쟁과 평화 전통을 중심으로)
A Christian Ethical Analysis of South Korea’s Unification Policies
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이 논문의 목적은 전쟁과 평화에 관한 기독교의 신학적, 윤리적 가르침의 빛에서 한국의 통일 정책을 분석하고 기독교 사회윤리적 제안을 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 먼저, 가장 중요한 정책적 목표인 ‘긴장완화’와 ‘평화공존’의 관점에서 남한 정부의 통일 정책을 분석할 것이다. 분단 이후의 이승만, 박정희, 전두환, 노태우, 김대중 정부의 통일 정책이 그 분석의 대상이 될 것이다. 다음으로, 십자군 전쟁에 나타난 거룩한 전쟁(holy war), 루터와 칼빈의 정당전쟁론(just war) 그리고 에라스무스의 평화주의(pacifism)를 다룰 것인데, 특히 이들 속에 담긴 정치적, 윤리적 함의를 검토할 것이다. 기독교 신학의 전통에서 남한의 통일 정책을 분석하려 할 때, 평화주의, 정당전쟁, 거룩한 전쟁과 같은 전쟁과 평화 이론들은 유용한데, 이들의 주된 관심이 평화의 유지와 회복, 평화를 위해 사용한 폭력(혹은 강제력)의 금지 또는 정당화에 있기 때문이다. 셋째, 앞에서 살핀 바를 근거로 기독교 전쟁과 평화 전통의 세 가지 유형인 “거룩한 전쟁 유형,” “정당전쟁 유형” 그리고 “평화주의 유형”을 기술할 것이다. 이 유형들은 사회윤리적 규범을 함축하고 있어서 통일 정책에 내재하는 규범적 지향 혹은 특성을 분석하는데 유용하게 쓰일 것이다. 마지막으로 긴장완화와 평화공존을 강화하는 방향으로 몇 가지 윤리적 제안을 할 것이다.
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyze South Korea’s unification policies and make ethical suggestions in light of Christian theological teachings on war-peace tenets. I will, first of all, analyze South Korea’s unification policies, particularly in terms of tension reduction and peaceful coexistence, which are the most significant and urgent goals for unifying two Koreas. This analysis covers major unification policies made by the republics after the division, namely from the Rhee government (1948-1960) to the Kim government (1997-2002). Second, I describe holy war (the Crusade), just war (Luther and Calvin) and pacifism (Erasmus) and examine their political and ethical implications. Third, I define “holy war type,” “just war type” and “pacifist type” and evaluate each policy in terms of these three types. Lastly, I conclude with some ethical suggestions from the Christian traditions on war-peace tenets, so that they can reduce tension reduction and foster peaceful coexistence between the two Koreas.
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