교도관의 정서적 소진과 직무만족, 역할갈등간의 구조적 관계에 관한 연구: 수용자에 대한 교도관의 태도 차이에 따른 변인간 관계 비교
The study of structural relationship between correctional officers' burnout, job satisfaction and role conflict: A test of the relationship between factors across correctional officers' attitudes toward inmates
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참고문헌
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초록
본 연구는 교도관이 느끼는 역할갈등이 정서적 소진에 미치는 직접 효과와 교도관의 직무만족도를 통하여 정서적 소진에 미치는 간접 효과를 구조방정식 모형을 통하여 검증하였다. 또한 다집단 분석을 통해 이러한 관계가 교도관의 수용자에 대한 태도에 따라 달라지는지 검증하였다. 이를 위하여 전국 교도소 7소에 근무하는 교도관 1900명에게 설문을 실시하였으며 총 869명의 응답이 분석에 사용되었다. 연구결과 교도관의 역할갈등이 심할수록 정서적 소진은 증가하며, 또한 심화된 역할갈등은 직무만족도를 감소시켜 간접적으로 정서적 소진을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 유의하게 나타난 모형 경로가 교도관의 수용자에 대한 태도에 따라 집단 간 차이가 있는지 검증한 결과 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 통해 몇 가지 실천적 함의를 얻을 수 있다. 첫째, 높은 수준의 정서적 소진을 경험하고 있는 교도관을 대상으로 조직 내외부에서의 상담 및 치료 등을 제공하는 근로자 지원 프로그램의 도입이 시급히 요구된다. 둘째, 교도관의 직무수행에서 역할갈등을 체계적으로 줄일 수 있는 표준화된 업무 매뉴얼 개발과 그에 따른 교육이 필요하다. 셋째, 교도관의 정서적 소진의 원인을 찾아서 사전에 예방하고 스트레스에 대한 체계적인 관리를 지원할 수 있는 근무 환경이 마련되어야 한다. 본 연구는 국내 교도관을 대상으로 한 실증 연구가 부족한 실정에서 국내의 교도관이 경험하는 역할갈등과 정서적 소진과의 관계 및 직무만족도의 매개효과를 실증적으로 검증했다는데 의의가 있다. 향후 교도관의 정서적 소진에 영향을 주는 요인으로 역할갈등 뿐만 아니라 교도관의 직무 스트레스가 갖는 다차원적 요소를 반영하고, 교도관의 개인적 요인과 함께 환경 요인을 고려하는 연구가 이루어질 필요가 있다.
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to test for the direct effect of correctional officers' role conflict on emotional exhaustion and the indirect effect which is mediated by job satisfaction, and to compare the differences in results according to correctional officers' attitudes toward inmates through multigroup analysis. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse. Results indicates that role conflict is positively associated with emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction mediates the relationship between role conflict and emotional exhaustion. Also, after testing the difference of correctional officers' attitude towards inmates in model paths, no statistically significant difference between two groups was supported. These results provide several key implications for social work practice: (1) To succeed in the effective rehabilitative goal of correctional organizations, it is suggested to introduce counselling and treatment programs such as EAPs for correctional officers who experience severe emotional exhaustion. (2) To reduce role conflict, standardized manuals for corrections work and regular-basis training program for correctional officers are recommended. (3) Better work environments for preventing and managing COs stresses is needed. This study has a significance in testing the relationship between role conflict and emotional exhaustion, and the mediating effect of job satisfaction while not enough studies have been made in Korea in relation to correctional officers' job stress or burnout. In further research, more various factors related to job stress of correctional officers are expected to be tested.
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