팀 유형과 리더십 스타일이 팀 유효성에 미치는 상호작용 효과
The Interaction Effects of Leadership Style and Team Type on team Effectiveness
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본 연구의 목적은 리더십 스타일과 팀 유형이 팀 유효성에 미치는 차별적 효과를 실험실 실험으로서 밝히는데 있다. 2(팀 유형: 가상 팀/대면 팀) × 3(리더십 스타일: 변혁적 리더십/거래적 리더십/자유방임적 리더십) 요인실험 설계를 사용한 본 연구에서는 216명의 대학생이 실험에 참가했다. 최종적으로 불성실하게 참여한 학생을 제외하고 총 209명의 자료가 분석에 사용되었으며 각 팀은 3명에서 4명으로 구성되었다. 리더역할을 수행하는 실험 협조자는 채팅을 사용하여 의사소통하는 가상 팀과 직접 대화하는 대면 팀에서, 정해진 스크립트에 따라 리더 행동을 조작했다. 이원변량분석을 통한 분석 결과, 과제수행 효율성과 팀 만족으로 측정한 팀 유효성에 팀 유형의 주효과가 나타나지 않았다. 하지만 팀 유효성에 대한 리더십의 주효과가 나타났으며 팀 유효성은 변혁적 리더십>거래적 리더십>자유방임적 리더십의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 마지막으로 팀 유효성에 대한 팀 유형과 리더십 스타일의 상호작용효과가 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 가상 팀에서의 변혁적 리더십 조건은 다른 조건에 비해 높은 과제수행 효율성과 팀 만족을 보였다. 따라서 지식기반사회인 21세기에 일반화가 예상되는 가상 작업팀에서도 타 리더십에 비해서 여전히 변혁적 리더십이 유효하다는 시사를 얻을 수 있었다. 본 연구는 국내외에서 대면 팀과 가상 팀을 설정하여 리더십 스타일의 인과적 영향을 검증한 실험실 실험 연구가 드물다는 점에서 의의가 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore interation effects of leadership styles and team type on team effectiveness. 216 experimental participants were assigned to each experimental conditions according to 2 (type of team: face to face team vs. virtual team) × 3(leadership styles: transformational leadership vs. transactional leadership vs. laissez-faire leadership) factorial experimental design. As 7 participants were excepted because of incredible behaviors during experiment, finally data obtained from 209 participants were statistically analysed. 6 confederates played role as one leader's style according the script described leader's behavior in face to face team or virtual team. The results of 2-way ANOVA, the interaction effect of team type and leadership styles on the team effectiveness was statistically significant. Level of task effectiveness and team satisfaction of transformational leadership in virtual team were higher than other conditions. Thus, These results implied that transformational leadership will be superior than other leadership styles among various type virtual work teams in 21th century as a knowledge based society. The meaning of this study was to use the laboratory experimental design for examining differential effects of leadership styles in the face to face team and virtual team. Finally limitations of this study and tasks for future study were discussed.
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