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부하가 지각한 상사의 리더십과 개인적 권력의 상호작용이 직무열의에 미치는 효과

The Interaction between Leadership and Personal Power in Work Engagement

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초록

본 연구는 두 가지 유형인 참여적 리더십 및 지시적 리더십이 부하직원의 직무열의를 설명하는 데 부하가 지각하는 상사의 권력기반이 조절 변인의 역할을 하는지 알아보았다. 구체적으로, 두 리더십은 부하의 직무열의와 정적 관계가 있을 것으로 예측하였으며, 상사 개인적 권력기반인 전문적 권력과 준거 권력이 이들 관계를 강화할 것으로 보았다. 이를 확인하기 위해 435명의 온라인 패널을 대상으로 얻은 자료로 위계적 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 분석 결과, 참여적 리더십과 지시적 리더십은 서로 다른 리더십을 통제하고도 직무열의를 정적으로 설명하였다. 전문적 권력과 준거 권력의 조절효과는 참여적 리더십과 직무열의의 관계에서는 나타난 반면, 지시적 리더십과 직무열의의 관계에서는 나타나지 않았다. 참여적 리더십과 전문적 권력의 상호작용은 활력과 헌신을 유의하게 설명하였다. 즉, 전문적 권력을 높게 지각할 때 참여적 권력과 직무열의 간 정적 관계가 더 강하게 나타났다. 참여적 리더십과 준거 권력의 상호작용은 활력과 몰두를 유의하게 설명하였으며, 준거 권력을 높게 지각할 때 참여적 리더십과 직무열의 간 정적 관계가 더 강하게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 함의 및 제한점을 제시하였으며 후속 연구에 대한 방향을 제언하였다.

Abstract

This study investigated the moderating effects of supervisors’ personal power (i.e., expert power and referent power) on the relationships between two types of leadership, participative and directive, and work engagement. Specifically, it was expected that the two types of leadership would be positively related to work engagement, and that these relationships would be stronger when subordinates perceived high rather than low personal power in their supervisor. Data were collected from 435 workers who had a direct supervisor and analyzed using hierarchical regressions. Findings revealed that participative leadership and directive leadership significantly explained all of the three sub-factors of work engagement (i.e., vigor, dedication, and absorption) when either type of leadership was held constant. In addition, expert power enhanced the relationships of participative leadership with regard to vigor and dedication. Further, referent power enhanced the relationships of participative leadership with regard to vigor and absorption. On the other hand, the interaction between directive leadership and personal power was not significant with reference to any sub-factors of work engagement. These findings were discussed in the context of organizational culture.

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