임파워링 리더십이 직무열의와 이직의도에 미치는 영향: 과업특성 및 부하 목표지향성의 상호작용효과를 중심으로
The Effect of Empowering Leadership on Job Engagement and Turnover Intention : Focusing on Job Characteristics and Goal Orientation
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초록
임파워링 리더십은 부하에게 직무에 대한 권한과 책임을 위임하는 것을 가장 기본적인 전제로 하며 이러한 환경에 필요한 리더의 행동적 특성들을 포함하고 있으므로 오늘날 수평화, 분권화된 조직구조에 가장 효과적인 리더십으로 주목받고 있다. 기존의 임파워링 리더십 관련 연구에서는 주로 임파워링 리더십의 긍정적인 효과를 주장하고 있으며, 최근 들어 임파워링 리더십의 부정적, 비선형적인 효과가 연구되고 있는 추세이다. 그러나 이에 대한 관심이 필요함에도 불구하고 임파워링 리더십의 부정적인 측면에 대한 연구는 아직 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 임파워링 리더십의 긍정적인 효과만을 강조하기 보다는 그 효과를 저해할 수 있는 보다 특정한 상황요인에 초점을 두고, 임파워링 리더십에 대한 주의와 경계조건을 시사하고자 한다. 본 연구의 결과를 종합적으로 살펴보면, 임파워링 리더십은 직무열의에 정(+)적, 이직의도에 부(-)적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 과업 예외성이 높거나, 분석가능성이 낮은 경우 또는 부하의 학습지향성이 높은 경우, 임파워링 리더십이 직무열의에 미치는 정(+)적인 효과는 더욱 강하게 나타난 반면, 과업 예외성이 낮거나, 분석가능성이 높은 경우 또는 부하의 학습지향성이 낮은 경우, 임파워링 리더십이 직무열의에 미치는 정(+)적인 효과는 더욱 약화되어 나타났다. 결국 본 연구를 통해 알 수 있듯이, 과업특성과 부하 목표지향성은 임파워링 리더십의 효과를 강화시키거나 약화시키는 특정한 상황요인으로 작용한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 아울러 임파워링 리더십 관련 선행연구에서 직무열의와 이직의도를 함께 검증하거나, 과업특성을 상황요인으로 살펴본 연구가 없다는 점에서 본 연구의 차별점이 있으며, 기존 연구를 이론적으로 확장함과 동시에 기업경영자와 관리자들에게 의미있는 시사점을 제공할 것이다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was the First, We examine the effect of empowering leadership on job engagement and turnover intention. Second, empirical research is conducted on situational factors that can hinder the effects of empowering leadership, focusing on task characteristics and goal orientation which have been rarely studied as moderating variables. We used 215 final questionnaires as empirical analysis data of this study. The findings of hypothesis tests can be summed up as follows. First, the analysis shows that empowering leadership makes positive effects on job engagement. Second, the analysis shows that empowering leadership makes negative effects on turnover intention. Third, the analysis shows that exception has the moderating effects on the relations between empowering leadership and job engagement. Fourth, the analysis shows that analyzability has the moderating effects on the relations between empowering leadership and job engagement. finally, the analysis shows that mastery goal orientation has the moderating effects on the relations between empowering leadership and job engagement. In addition, there is a difference in this study in that there is no study that examines job engagement and turnover intention together with task characteristics in situational factors in empowering leadership related study.
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