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조직문화 내재화의 새로운 해석: 자아(self) 기반의 정체성 작업(identity work)

A new perspective on the internalization process of organizational culture: Self-directed identity work

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주제분류심리과학

초록

조직문화 관련 기존 연구들의 공통적인 문제점은, 자아(self)에 대한 논의가 부족하여 조직구성원의 적절한 행동 수준을 결정하고 그러한 행동을 동기화하는 정체성(identity)의 중요한 본질인 주체적 역할을 간과한 데 있다. 대부분의 관련 연구들은, 유형론 접근을 통해 조직문화가 일련의 특성에 따라 다르다고 구분하거나 구조론적 접근을 통해서 조직문화가 계층(인공물, 가치, 전제)과 같은 내적 구조를 통해서 표현되며 이들이 서로 일관성을 가지고 조직문화를 구성한다는 점을 고려함으로써 각 요인들의 변화를 통하여 조직문화를 변화시키려는 노력에 집중되었다. 이러한 접근은 현재의 조직문화가 무엇인가에 대한 진단적 지식을 제공하거나 조직문화를 변화하는 데 부분적인 해결책을 제시하지만, 조직문화를 내재화하고 이를 행동으로 표현하는 매개체인 조직구성원들의 행동 주체인 자아의 존재, 역할, 가치를 간과하며 특히 자아에 기반을 둔 정체성의 본질적 의미를 깊이 다루지 못한 한계가 있다. 이에 반해, 국내에서는 거의 다뤄지지 않았지만 조직구성원 개인의 주도적인 역할을 강조한 정체성 작업(identity work)이라는 개념은 조직과 개인 사이에 일어나는 역동적 과정을 중심으로 조직 정체성이 구성되는 프로세스를 설명하는데 유용하다. 정체성 작업을 통해서 조직구성원들의 정체성과 조직문화가 상호작용하고, 이 과정에서 조직문화가 내재화되며 특히 조직문화가 가지고 있는 심층적 의미(meaning)에 대해 조직구성원들이 주체적으로 재검토와 판단을 함으로써 조직문화가 재정립되고 진화된 모습으로 재생산되는 기반을 제공할 수 있기 때문이다. 본 논문은 조직문화와 조직정체성은 상호작용을 통해서 구성된다는 입장을 기반으로, 이들 두 가지가 유기적 관계를 통해 지속적으로 재정립되고 변화하는 과정에서 정체성 작업을 통해 조직문화가 효과적으로 구성원들에게 내재화되고 조직의 이미지로서 형성된다는 점을 제시한다. 본 연구의 제안을 통해 정체성 작업의 본질과 역할을 이해함으로써 조직은 조직문화의 내재화 및 조직문화 창조의 방식과 방향성을 정립할 수 있다. 또한 단순히 조직문화와 개인의 적합도에 따라서 성과 혹은 이탈에 초점을 맞추는 이분법적 결과에서 벗어나, 개인이 조직문화와 적응하는 데 주체적인 노력을 할 수 있다는 점을 강조함으로써 현실적으로 조직이 조직문화를 내재화(internalization)하는 과정에서 조직과 조직구성원들의 욕구가 조화를 이룰 수 있다는 점도 제안한다.

Abstract

The existing studies on organizational culture, drawn on the social learning theory, have the somewhat passive and reactive perspective on new-comers’ socialization process; that is, they have considered that new-comers often learn organizational culture in the provision of compensation or reinforcement. According to Social Psychology literature, however, human beings are usually viewed as those who will develop perception of themselves (i.e., ‘self’), who can evaluate the level of fit or congruence between their own ‘self’ (or value) and social requirements, and who may actively determine the degree to which they conduct behaviors corresponding to something socially-demanded. In the present research, we rely on the concept of ‘self’, introduce the concepts of ‘self and organizational identity’ to the literature of organizational culture, and adapt the concept of ‘identity work’ - which refers to employees’ proactive endeavor to reconcile their ‘self’ with organizational culture in the case of cultural conflict between the two - to attempt to further understand the internalization process of organizational culture. Beyond the bifurcated existing theoretical framework of employees’ behaviors toward organizational culture (i.e., either acceptance or exit; c.f., attraction-selection-attrition theory), our discussion presents a more balanced view on the interactive internalization process of organizational culture.

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