552년 백제의 한강유역 포기[棄]와 신라ㆍ고구려의 밀약설(密約說)

Abstract

From the beginning of King Seong's reign, Baekje suffered from Goguryeo's militaryattacks, and after being defeated by Goguryeo in the Battle of 529, Baekje moved itscapital. King Seong had two important missions: he had to defend Baekje from Goguryeoon the one hand, and he had to keep Kaya from breaking away on the other. In orderto overcome the crisis, King Seong carried out a dual foreign policy. Clearly indentifyingthe mutual enemy, he formed an alliance with Silla or Kaya and with Japan. This was tofortify its power through war as well as to prevent the severance of the alliance. From the year 523 to 538, Baekje kept two war fronts. On the northern front, Baekjewas struggling with Goguryeo's attacks, and on the southern front, it was in conflict withKaya over the occupation of the Sum-Jin Basin. Baekje conducted a non-violent campaignin the Anla region; however, after Geum-Gwan Kaya surrendered to Silla, it fell into adifficult situation. After the year of 541, Baekje implemented an aggressive foreign policyin the Kaya region. As a result, Baekje was able to put Dae Kaya under its control. Also,after the annexation with Silla, Baekje launched aggressive military assaults againstGoguryeo. Baekje was able to do this by taking advantage of Goguryeo's state of internalaffairs at that time. However, it would have been impossible if it were not for the help ofSilla. Silla, recognizing the importance of its role, demanded compensation for its militaryassistance, and Baekje ceded Silla a large portion of territory that it had gained between550 and 551. In the mean time, King Seong constantly claimed that Baekje was being attacked by theallies of Goguryeo and Silla, with the intent to draw Kaya and Japan into its forces. Through this strategy, Backje, until 551, was able to form an alliance that included Silladuring the battles with Goguryeo, and to mobilize troops from Kaya and Japan during thebattles with Silla. Hence, it is problematic to view Baekje's resignation of Hansung and Pyongyangand the marrying of its princess to the King of Silla as an act of retreat, simply aresult of Silla and Goguryeo's secret treaty. Although the treaty was for the mutualinterests of Silla and Goguryeo, as evidenced in the erection of the Hwangchoryongand Maunryong steles(568), it is problematic to view Silla's occupation of the HanBasin and its northeastern territorial expansion after the Gwansansung Battle simply as aresult of the secret treaty with Goguryeo. To conclude, the Gwansansung Battle wasintended to be a turning point for Baekje. It was a battle in which Baekje planned toattack Goguryeo with the help of Silla, to take Kaya under control, and then, to attackSilla.