5世紀 新羅의 對百濟關係와 相互 認識

Abstract

In this article, the 5th century is divided into 3 periods in order to investigate the relationship between Shilla and Paekche more effectively. The early stage refers from early in the 5th century to 433·434 A.D. when the friendship treaty between Shilla and Paekche was concluded. The middle stage is since then to 475 A.D., the year that Paekche's capital, Hanseong, was invaded by Koguryo. Then the period after that happening is the last stage. Such division is valid in investigating the process of relationship between Shilla and Paekche, considering Koguryo, a variable. Additionally, the conclusion of the Shilla-Paekche Alliance is set in 455 A.D. in this article. In the early 5th century, Shilla and Paekche were in need for each other to cope with both political and military pressure of Koguryo. The two countries, thus, tried to have a friendship with each other for their common aim and their try brought to a amicable relations in 433·434 A.D. However, as Shilla was subordinated to Koguryo, Shilla could not act aggressively against Koguryo. It can be easily proved by presence of the Jungwon Koguryo Monument. Such movement of Shilla and Paekche finally resulted in the Shilla-Paekche Alliance in 455 A.D., the mid-5th century. It seems that this time was the period when they needed each other most. During this period, they could react to Koguryo's attack in partnership. There had been some subtle changes, however, in Shilla's attitude after Paekche's Hanseong was temporarily conquered by Koguryo in 475 A.D. The last-5th century is when the allied forces of the Shilla-Paekche Alliance got excellent results against Koguryo. In case of Shilla, she drove away grand invasion from Koguryo in 481 A.D., with a help from the allied forces. This might be the cause that most Koguryo Dangjues(dangju : military forces of Koguryo) in Shilla shrunk from. The influence of Koguryo Dandju is suspected to retreat away to north of Soback Mountains around 500 A.D. Since then, Shilla shows passive action toward the Alliance and prepares to take her own way. This change can explain King Dongseong of Paekche's policy toward Shilla in 501 A.D., which was preparing defenses against Shilla by building wooden fortress in Tanhyon. As described above, Shilla and Paekche's recognition of each other was based on their needs for their own survival. Especially, Shilla in the early 5th century strongly needed Paekche's help to get out of Koguryo's pressure, which mostly restricted Shilla's development. Paekche also needed Shilla to reinforce military force and the political blocking policy toward Koguryo. When it came to the mid and the last 5th century, however, the Paekche people near the border seem to have lower sense of belonging to country than that of Shilla's people, according to the records of Paekche people's mass emigration to Shilla due to natural disasters and military service. What's more it seems that they are believed to have comparatively better image toward Shilla. In addition to these, Paekche nobles' friendly attitude toward Shilla's culture can also be deduced by discoveries of several personal ornaments and gilt bronze shoes of the 5th and the 6th century from where Paekche located in.