高麗 後期 天龍山城의 現況과 性格

Abstract

This study summarized the current status and structure of Cheonryong Fortress in Chungju. Based on the summary, it investigated the construction background and structural characteristics of the fortress. In addition, through the records in literatures, it reviewed the historical and geographical location of Cheonryong Fortress. Cheonryong Fortress is a stone fortress built along the ridge of Mt. Boryeon (at an altitude of 764.2m) surrounding the valleys. On the plane view, it seems like a triangle protruded to the south. The fortress is classified as a security fortress (Ipbo-type) built in an inland area prepared against the invasion of Mongolia in Goryo Dynasty. Especially, the fortress has been widely known as the fortress through which the Mongolian army passed just before the Kim Yoon-hoo’s victory in Chungju Fortress in 1253. It was located in high and stiff place and the wall has the traces of grooves in columns. As for the facilities in the fortress, there were facilities for domination and defense for surrounding areas and there were also sites for wells and buildings for the resistant residents who stayed there. There are records on the Cheonryong Fortress in various papers and maps including “History of Coryo” but it was recorded in the name of Boryeon Fortress or Bonghwang Castle, which were used in mix. It is assumed due to the mixed use of Jangmi Fortress nearby on which a fable has been passed on, regarding the construction of a fortress by siblings. Cheonryong Fortress had highly strategic importance as it was the last fortress through which the Mongolian army passed before the war in Chungju Fortress at the time of the 5th invasion of the Mongolian Army in the 40th year of King Gojong’s regime (1253). Therefore, Cheonryong Fortress was built as a typical “security fortress” to defend the fortress against the Mongolian Army. Due to the geological location of the fortress which was located in a strategic point that could control inland transportation to the north in Chungju Area. At that time, a defense official, Bang-eon Jo who surrendered too easily to Mongolian Army, which resulted that Chungju Fortress was disclosed to a big threat. This proved that Cheonryong Fortress was the final defense line against the Mongolian army