북한지역 고인돌유적의 특징과 성격

Abstract

The advent and expansion of dolmens in North Korea regions should be reviewed inrelation to Liadong area in China. Table-type dolmens were built around the 13th-12thcentury B.C., in the western coastal area around the estuary of Daedong River. Thestructure of the dolmens was very similar to the relics of the Liadong Peninsular excavatedin the same era. Therefore, two types of dolmens were suspected to have been built bypeople of the same line. No-leg type dolmens appeared by contacting dolmen culture ofLiadong Peninsular in the process that Machengzi Culture in the basin of Taizi River wasexpanding to neighboring regions. The oldest one was found in the Tungshan relics inFengcheng City. They had a pit-type tomb chamber under a giant lid stone. Typicalearthenware of the latter period of Machengzi Culture were discovered inside the tombs. The No-leg type I (pit-type) dolmens of Tungshan relics were recorded as the relics of the12th~11th century B.C. In the No-leg type II (block stone-type) dolmens, old-style Misongritypeearthenware were excavated. In the 大片地 relics of Benxi City, Misongri-typeearthenware were excavated from the No-leg type II and No-leg type III (combinationtype) dolmens. In 建材村, 開源 where No-leg type III dolmens were excavated, Misongritypeearthenware of the latter part of the era were found. No-leg type II and III dolmensbegan to be built in around the 7th century B.C. in the Daedong River in the North Korea. Mukbangri-type earthenware were found in the tomb chambers of the dolmens in theregion. In the meantime around the 12th century B.C, which is the latter part of the MachengziCulture Period, the tradition that stack to cave tomb gradually changed. At the same time,in the northern part of the Liadong Peninsular centering on the Taizi River, stone-linedtomb which was a new tomb type, began to be built. Primitive stone-lined tombs werefound even inside of the caves. Considering the identical patterns of the relics found in the two tombs, the relics in the stone-lined tombs of early period may be belonged toMachengzi Culture. As such, in the process that Machengzi Culture in the basin of theTaizi River gradually escaped from the tradition of the cave tombs, people contacted tothe 3rd Shuangtuozi dolmen culture in the basin of Dayang River. As a result, dolmensfound in the Tungshan relics in Fengcheng City had lid stone, which is main characteristicsof the dolmens at that time while the structure of tomb chambers and relics maintainedthe tradition of cave tombs. That is, the no-leg type dolmens were built there. After then,no-leg type dolmens expanded to the basin of Daedong River around the 7th century B.C.,while they were gradually expanding to neighboring regions passing through 大片地 relicsin 本溪 and 建材村 relics in 開源.