최근 북한 학계의 고인돌 형식 연구 경향

Abstract

This study introduces the results of recent research that has raised some questions about the standards and methods of the classification on dolmen types. On the basis of this study, the types, changes and the period problems of dolmen in North Korea are analyzed. It is irrational to refer to the stone mound as a standard in the classification of dolmen types. There are several types of grave pits built in a single cemetery like the remains of Sangwon Waksaebong and Hwangju Geukseong-dong dolmen, which are also different in the method of burial. The stone mound facility would have been necessary to support the load of the cap stones. The forms of dolmens are divided into types such as Chimchon-type, Odeok-type, Mukbang-type, Seokcheonsan-type and Jeju-type according to the construction method of the grave pit, the structure and the material of the wall. Chimchon-type built grave pits with plank stones and has the reinforcement facility of stone mound on the edge. This type is divided into three types according to the material of the plank stone. Odeok-type is the table-type dolmen built with plank stones on the ground and is divided into three types according to the facilities of the gate. Mukbang-type is a pit-type which built grave pits in the underground. The type has been distinguished according to the facility of the door and is a difference in the process of transition from the previous studies. Seokcheonsan-type is a pit and mainly examined in the Seokcheonsan area. The grave pit of the Jeju-type is made with a plank stone at the bottom of the cap stone. On the transition of dolmens types, it is suggested that Chimchon-type is divided into Odeok-type and Mukbang-type and Seokcheonsan type is changed from Mungbang-type. The age of the dolmens is considered to be in the late 4th millennium B.C. according to the measurement of absolute age by the electron spin resonance dating method, thermoluminescence dating method and nuclear fission track dating method.