渾河 유역 고인돌의 특이 구조와 성격

Abstract

As the concern with the dolmens in the northeast region of China has been growing, studies and researches have been actively made on the dolmens in the region of Liaoning and Jilin. The dolmens in the region of Liaoning and Jilin have an important role in studying the dolmens in the northeast of Asia. The purpose of this study is to survey the unprecedented dolmens around the Hunhe River which have stone mounds around the grave pits. The dolmens around the Hunhe River offer the key to an understanding of the ancient culture in the northeast of China. Up to now, the unprecedented dolmens around the Hunhe River have not been excavated in the region of Liaoning and Jilin. These dolmens are excavated in such dolmen sites as Fushun Shanlong, Fushun Hejiaxin and Xinbin Longtoushan. The examined characteristics of the unprecedented dolmens are as follows: The unprecedented dolmens have been investigated in the regions of Fushun and Xinbin which lie in the upper reaches of the Hunhe River. Misongni-type potteries and bipa-type bronze daggers related with Old Choson have been excavated in these areas which are the center of Old Chosun. The sites are situated in the near of the tops of mountains and in the ridges of mountains. Considering the fact that there are river courses around the site, the dolmens are related with water. The major role of the stone mound near to the grave pit is to protect the grave pit. In the table-type dolmen, the changing processes of the grave pit from the ground to the underground are shown. There are stone mounds in Fushun Shanlong dolmen site where the table-type dolmen and pit-type dolmen are distributed together in a place. There are stone boards prepared in advance by the stone mounds of No. 4 dolmen to construct the table-type dolmen. Sixty six potteries are excavated in No. 2 Xinbin Longtoushan dolmen which has been the most excavated dolmen up to now. The kinds of the excavated potteries are small pots, pots, bowls and pot kettles and most of the potteries have a handle. Judging from the fact that the sizes of the potteries are very small from 10 cm to 15 cm, they are mortuary gifts for being buried. The excavated stonewares are spindle whorls and tubular stones. The horse bell with clappers and rings are excavated as bronze artifacts. The horse bell with clappers are excavated for the first time in No. 2 Fushun Hejiaxin dolmen and No. 2 and No. 3 Xinbin Longtoushan dolmen. The shape of the horse bell hanged a ring and a trapezoided body is a triangle and the height of is small from 3cm to 4cm. The dolmens excavated the horse bell with clappers give a key to understand the career and status the buried. The excavated iron artifacts are spear, antenna-type sword and axe. The antenna-type sward is discovered in the dolmen for the first time but the ring of the handle is broken. Judging from the excavated artifacts, the unprecedented dolmen which has the stone mounds seems to be constructed in the around 300 B.C. Many burned human bones are excavated in the grave pits. The fact seems to indicate that the dead body at that time is cremated. The examined result in No. 2 Xinbin Longtoushan dolmen shows that seven people are cremated by the method of Jianque-type cremation. It is reasonable to suppose that the above examined unprecedented dolmens are closely related with the early stone mound tomb in the northeast region of China.