1780년대 淸朝의 朝鮮 使臣에 대한 接待의 變化

Abstract

This paper is a research into the striking changes in the Qing court's treatment of Joseon envoys that occurred in the 1780s. Ever since the mid-seventeenth century, Joseon kings were required to send a regular embassy to Beijing at the year-end to celebrate the New Year's Day. Until the early 1780s, Joseon envoys were given seldom, if ever, opportunities to see the Qing emperors in person during their stay in the Qing capital. They had to spend most of days in their lodging. Starting from the New Year's Day festival of 1782, however, Qianlong emperor began to invite Joseon envoys to imperial banquets as well as diverse court entertainments and festivities. The emperor established this kind of special treatment as a new court convention not only by annually repeating it but also expanding its scope in the ensuing years. His successors also largely abided by Qianlong's new convention. If we are to confine our attention to the dyadic relation between Qing and Joseon, these significant changes in the 1780s could be interpreted as an outcome of the on-going reciprocal and escalating courtesy interchanges of King Jeongjo's actions of sincerity and Qianlong emperor's special favors.