明代 朝鮮 使行의 身分 證明에 대한 종합 분석 ― 勘合부터 얼굴 認知까지 ―

Abstract

The Ming Dynasty issued national book to many foreign countries at the beginning of the country. Foreign envoys were required to carry national books issued by Ming at the port or border of the Ming Dynasty, and were allowed to enter the country after the process of verifying that the national book was genuine. The National Book of the Ming Dynasty was an essential document for foreign envoys to enter Ming Dynasty. However, the entry procedures of the Joseon Dynasty were different from those of other countries. Over the Yalu River, there were Ming Dynasty officials in kangyeondaebo(江沿臺堡), Tangcham(湯站) and Bonghwangsung(鳳凰城) etc., but Joseon envoy was able to enter the country by having conversations with them. Joseon's envoy passed through the station as face recognition on the 420-ri(里) path of the Chinese continent. After arriving at Liaodong’s supreme commander(遼東都司), the immigration process was carried out, and the identification was made through a national document issued by the King of Joseon. The Liaodong’s supreme commander issued necessary administrative documents until the Joseon envoy arrived in Beijing. This is three. First, Liaodong’s supreme commander issued a vehicle license for the Joseon envoy to use from Liaoyang to Beijing. Second, a document was written and issued asking for permission to pass the Shanhaiguan(山海關) of the Joseon envoy. The recipient of this document was Kwangnyeng’s general inspector(廣寧都御史). Joseon envoy submitted the document to Kwangnyeng’s general inspector and received it back as a “Shanhaiguan pass document”. Third, after passing the Sanhaigwanl, Ming official identified the number of people who were engaged in the Joseon envoy, and a document with the name of the Joseon envoy was also issued by Liaodong’s supreme commander. Finally, when the Joseon envoy was about to return home, Beijing military directorate issued a vehicle license. The difference between Joseon envoy's entry methods(face recognition, Identity certification by submitting documents issued by the Joseon Dynasty) and those of other countries(the possession of a national book issued by the Ming Dynasty) is a clue to understanding the relationship between Joseon and Ming in East Asia.