明代 朝鮮使臣의 外交 儀禮 節次
The Diplomatic Ceremonies for the Korean Envoys in the Ming Dynasty
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This paper focused on the diplomatic ceremonies performed for the Joseon envoys sent to the Ming Dynasty. Liaodong-duosi(遼東都司) and Shanhai-gwan, Joseon envoys passed by, were major gateways of itinerary to the Imperial city of Ming Dynasty. When the Joseon envoys arrived at Liaodong-duosi authorities, they took part in the formal ceremony with the three main figures of Liaodong-duosi and were served tea. Afterwards, Joseon envoys performed the ceremony with an officer of the Zhifang-si(職方司) under the Military Ministry in Sanhai-gwan like Liaodong-duosi. The diplomatic organizations of Imperial capital in Ming Dynasty were Zhuke-qinglisi(主客淸吏司), Huitong-guan(會同館) and Honglusi(鴻臚寺). Zhuke-qinglisi took charge of the tribute roads, diplomatic documents, and receptions for envoys. Huitong-guan provided accommodations and reception places for envoys. Honglusi made diplomats from each country practiced the ceremony of meeting with the emperor. The tribute ceremonies were the most important diplomatic performance in the Ming Dynasty. Joseon envoys participated the meeting ceremonies with the emperor and the crown prince and the Zaocan(朝參) ceremony toward the emperor with diplomats from every country. After the ceremony with the emperor and the crown prince, an official of the Ritual Ministry hosted twice banquets to Joseon envoys at the Huitong-guan. The banquets of Huitong-guan was served in 1369, initially hosted by Taigian(太監) or officials of the Ritual Ministry, but after 1560, it was stipulated that the banquets for Joseon envoys should be given by the chief official of the Ritual Ministry. In 1579, the period of stay for the Joseon envoys was set to one month and 10 days. When the envoys notified the Ritual Ministry that they would return to Joseon, the Yilisi(儀禮司) laid emperor’s gifts in the courtyard and Zhuke-qinglisi delivered them.
Abstract
This paper focused on the diplomatic ceremonies performed for the Joseon envoys sent to the Ming Dynasty. Liaodong-duosi(遼東都司) and Shanhai-gwan, Joseon envoys passed by, were major gateways of itinerary to the Imperial city of Ming Dynasty. When the Joseon envoys arrived at Liaodong-duosi authorities, they took part in the formal ceremony with the three main figures of Liaodong-duosi and were served tea. Afterwards, Joseon envoys performed the ceremony with an officer of the Zhifang-si(職方司) under the Military Ministry in Sanhai-gwan like Liaodong-duosi. The diplomatic organizations of Imperial capital in Ming Dynasty were Zhuke-qinglisi(主客淸吏司), Huitong-guan(會同館) and Honglusi(鴻臚寺). Zhuke-qinglisi took charge of the tribute roads, diplomatic documents, and receptions for envoys. Huitong-guan provided accommodations and reception places for envoys. Honglusi made diplomats from each country practiced the ceremony of meeting with the emperor. The tribute ceremonies were the most important diplomatic performance in the Ming Dynasty. Joseon envoys participated the meeting ceremonies with the emperor and the crown prince and the Zaocan(朝參) ceremony toward the emperor with diplomats from every country. After the ceremony with the emperor and the crown prince, an official of the Ritual Ministry hosted twice banquets to Joseon envoys at the Huitong-guan. The banquets of Huitong-guan was served in 1369, initially hosted by Taigian(太監) or officials of the Ritual Ministry, but after 1560, it was stipulated that the banquets for Joseon envoys should be given by the chief official of the Ritual Ministry. In 1579, the period of stay for the Joseon envoys was set to one month and 10 days. When the envoys notified the Ritual Ministry that they would return to Joseon, the Yilisi(儀禮司) laid emperor’s gifts in the courtyard and Zhuke-qinglisi delivered them.
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