한국전쟁기 문예비평과 반공문화의 기획

Abstract

This study was intended to find out the ideological function of literary criticism during the Korean War period. The consequential purpose of Rhee, Syng－man's government was to convert south korean society into thorough and complete 'The disciplinary society of anticommunism'. A new country, aiming at anticommunism as the national policy, could not be established only with declaration. An ideology needed contents and patterns to fill itself. Contents and patterns, in other words, were the production of discourse and distribution. Naturally, literature that dealt with language was paid attention. Especially, the combination of literature and military raised the importance of literature. The cartel of literary men and military made them have symbiotic relationship. Above all, 'Propagating and enlightening activities to encourage the people's hostile intention', which was requested to writers, organically and deliberately developed through 'the Service of War Writers.' Language from anticommunism went through the procedure of structurization by the war criticism. At that time, as literary behavior was a part of literary maneuvering, literary criticism, also, a part of maneuvering and military strategy for propaganda. Literary criticism was a sort of a literary guideline. Editorials and reviews indicated how to materialize images of north Korea and communism in literature in accordance with guideline, highlighting the duty of writers who led the ideology. Writers materialized anticommunism language and experience according to this guideline, and it was the literature of wartime. Literature was produced through the guideline and language in literature was copied and reproduced by readers. It was a circulating procedure. The text provided readers with an unforgettable clear meaning about accumulated experience. Readers identified their own experience with the language of text. Therefore, readers, naturally, could be a anticommunist armed with language of anticommunism and crushing communism. At this point, the discourse of anticommunism became an existence which moved by itself through Trinitas of literature, editorials and review, propaganda. It was the time that literature was reborn as a national equipment for the ideology, which made anticommunism ideology. Through this moment, national foundation of strong ideology for anticommunism was prepared.