감정과 언어 - 러시아어에서 ‘분노’에 대한 표현을 중심으로
Emotion and Language: Referring to Expressions of "Anger" in Russian
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When one says "I am angry with X", does it express the emotion which his ego, caused by X, produces, or his inner state which X makes affected by the impersonal and immaterial entity 'anger'? Although the former opinion is prevailing, I adopt the latter, because emotions, as objects for us to sympathize, are characterized by intersubjective transitivity (cf. imitatio affectum of Spinoza). Thus, 'anger' itself can be considered as an entity in potentia existing on the pre-cultural, pre-personal level; and then it can be lexically named, conceptualized through various language-culture spaces, and actualized by various collective or individual subject. With this theoretical reflection, I examine lexical entries - nouns and verbs - denoting 'anger' in Russian, which reveals they do not form structured lexical field; instead, they are differentiated with reference to degrees of intensity of 'anger' and/or various semantic determinations such as moral evaluation, controllability, malice, aggressiveness, individuation, etc. As for the linguistic myth arguing for a Russian peculiarity of conceptualizing the 'anger', it is refuted by this paper which shows every noun and verb, even if its semantic determinations, can be converged into the universal definition of 'anger' proposed here; this definition is possible to the extent that it tries to objectify the pre-cultural, immaterial, impersonal entity of 'anger' only on the metalinguistic level of theoretical explanation. Finally, I observes three cases to actualize 'anger' on the level of utterance in Russian: i) its immediate linguistic expression in which speaker, using also paralinguistic means, projects his emotion into the situation in question; ii) its linguistic naming by which he projects the situation into his emotion; iii) its aesthetic singularization by which the emotion he feels transcends individual dimension and gets an intersubjective value expression.
Abstract
When one says "I am angry with X", does it express the emotion which his ego, caused by X, produces, or his inner state which X makes affected by the impersonal and immaterial entity 'anger'? Although the former opinion is prevailing, I adopt the latter, because emotions, as objects for us to sympathize, are characterized by intersubjective transitivity (cf. imitatio affectum of Spinoza). Thus, 'anger' itself can be considered as an entity in potentia existing on the pre-cultural, pre-personal level; and then it can be lexically named, conceptualized through various language-culture spaces, and actualized by various collective or individual subject. With this theoretical reflection, I examine lexical entries - nouns and verbs - denoting 'anger' in Russian, which reveals they do not form structured lexical field; instead, they are differentiated with reference to degrees of intensity of 'anger' and/or various semantic determinations such as moral evaluation, controllability, malice, aggressiveness, individuation, etc. As for the linguistic myth arguing for a Russian peculiarity of conceptualizing the 'anger', it is refuted by this paper which shows every noun and verb, even if its semantic determinations, can be converged into the universal definition of 'anger' proposed here; this definition is possible to the extent that it tries to objectify the pre-cultural, immaterial, impersonal entity of 'anger' only on the metalinguistic level of theoretical explanation. Finally, I observes three cases to actualize 'anger' on the level of utterance in Russian: i) its immediate linguistic expression in which speaker, using also paralinguistic means, projects his emotion into the situation in question; ii) its linguistic naming by which he projects the situation into his emotion; iii) its aesthetic singularization by which the emotion he feels transcends individual dimension and gets an intersubjective value expression.
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