감정과 언어: 러시아어의 “toska”에 대한 고찰을 중심으로
Emotion and Language: With Reference to “Toska” in Russian
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This paper tries to present a more adequate explanation of the meaning of the Russian lexeme toska (≃ 'blues, yearning, anguish, etc.'), which many authors have considered as being so peculiar to Russian culture that it is almost impossible to translate or explain the whole of its contents in foreign languages. By reexamining various contributions to the study of this lexeme, the paper proposes its core meaning structure such as toska : {'universal definition of affect tristitia' + 'causeless or with an vague cause' + 'very strong emotion with an inevitable but hopeless desire to overcome the situation in question'} ⇒ {'X'} (X = such a kind of emotion or effects derived from it). With this definition, thus, one can get a clear analytical picture of the universal and particular aspects constituting the whole meaning of toska. But the semantic determinations which constitute its Russian particularity are not of exclusive character. They only differentiate toska from its synonyms within the emotional zone of 'sadness'. This is why toska and synonyms such as pečal', grust', etc. can substitute each other in certain contexts but not in the others. Also the non-exclusiveness of semantic determination permits to translate toska into a series of adequate equivalents in the non Russian language by observing concrete contexts where this lexeme is realized into substantial meanings. It is natural that toska, like most of the lexicon in any language, could not have an exact equivalent in the non Russian language. But this self-evident fact does not deny that non Russian native speaker cannot comprehend the real meaning of toska. In so far as it is possible to practice translation according to the principle of non-exclusiveness of semantic determination and on the basis of the linguistic fact that a lexeme in any language has not only its form of content but also its substance of content, the Russian particularity in the contents of toska can be understood and pertinently translated. Therefore any strong argument for the linguistic relativism with reference to cultural key words such as toska cannot be justified.
Abstract
This paper tries to present a more adequate explanation of the meaning of the Russian lexeme toska (≃ 'blues, yearning, anguish, etc.'), which many authors have considered as being so peculiar to Russian culture that it is almost impossible to translate or explain the whole of its contents in foreign languages. By reexamining various contributions to the study of this lexeme, the paper proposes its core meaning structure such as toska : {'universal definition of affect tristitia' + 'causeless or with an vague cause' + 'very strong emotion with an inevitable but hopeless desire to overcome the situation in question'} ⇒ {'X'} (X = such a kind of emotion or effects derived from it). With this definition, thus, one can get a clear analytical picture of the universal and particular aspects constituting the whole meaning of toska. But the semantic determinations which constitute its Russian particularity are not of exclusive character. They only differentiate toska from its synonyms within the emotional zone of 'sadness'. This is why toska and synonyms such as pečal', grust', etc. can substitute each other in certain contexts but not in the others. Also the non-exclusiveness of semantic determination permits to translate toska into a series of adequate equivalents in the non Russian language by observing concrete contexts where this lexeme is realized into substantial meanings. It is natural that toska, like most of the lexicon in any language, could not have an exact equivalent in the non Russian language. But this self-evident fact does not deny that non Russian native speaker cannot comprehend the real meaning of toska. In so far as it is possible to practice translation according to the principle of non-exclusiveness of semantic determination and on the basis of the linguistic fact that a lexeme in any language has not only its form of content but also its substance of content, the Russian particularity in the contents of toska can be understood and pertinently translated. Therefore any strong argument for the linguistic relativism with reference to cultural key words such as toska cannot be justified.
참고문헌 (26)
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