도시쇠퇴(urban decline)와 수축(shrinkage)의 원인과 대응전략 연구 -리버풀(Liverpool)과 라이프치히(Leipzig)의 사례를 중심으로-
Study on the Cause and Strategic Approaches to Urban Decline and Shrinkage: Focusing on the case of Liverpool and Leipzig
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초록
20세기 중반부터 서구의 대도시들은 경제 및 인구의 급격한 감소로 인한 도시쇠퇴와 수축을 경험하게 되었다. 특히, 도시수축은 유럽의 여러 도시에서 일반적인 현상으로 나타나고 있으며, 기반시설의 활용 부재, 주택 공실률 상승, 인력난과 고용감소, 실업률의 상승, 등에 따른 사회경제적 규모의 전반적인 축소를 가져오고 있다. 다수의 유럽도시들은 인구와 경제적 감소에 의한 도시쇠퇴와 수축에 대응하기 위해 다양한 도시정책을 추진하고 있다. 하지만, 도시수축에 대응하기 위한 전략적 접근에서 서로 간 차이를 보이고 있으며, 이러한 차이는 다른 결과를 도출하고 있다. 즉, 도시의 물리적 확장을 중심으로 하는 성장지향적 도시개발과 도시의 규모 축소를 통해 안정적 발전을 추구하는 스마트 수축적 도시개발이라는 서로 다른 접근방법으로 도시쇠퇴와 수축에 대응하고 있다. 본 연구는 영국의 리버풀과 독일의 라이프치히를 사례로 하여 도시쇠퇴와 수축의 원인과 함께 이들 도시의 대응적 전략인 성장지향적 접근과 스마트 수축적 접근을 진단하고, 도시쇠퇴와 수축에 대한 정책적 방향을 제고하고자 한다.
Abstract
Many cities of developed countries in the world have been viewed from the mid-20th century typically facing the greatest problems associated with economic and population decline, which lead to urban decline and shrinkage. Urban shrinkage has become a new normality for a growing number of European cities and urban regions. shrinking cities struggle with underused infrastructure, housing vacancies, an increase in unemployment, a decline in labour force, investment and jobs. Some European cities have attempted to deal with demographic and economic trajectories leading to urban shrinkage. However, the governance of urban shrinkage differ among European cities leading to different outcomes that give the ideas of overcoming such the undesirable phenomenon. This study takes two case cities, such as Liverpool in England and Leipzig in Germany, to assess the cause of urban decline and shrinkage and also the contrasting approaches to dealing with urban shrinkage, such as pro-growth approach of Liverpool and smart shrinking approach of Leipzig.
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