레비나스(Emmanuel Levinas)의 이타주의 윤리의 목적과 초등도덕 교육적 함의

Abstract

This paper is to state the aim of Levinas' Altruistic Ethics, as the first Philosophy to focus on the relationship of ethical practice between the Same and the Other. In the viewpoint of sociobiology, the goal of altruism is to save the individual or the race and to help each other within. Based on such a discussion, Levinas' opinion about the goal of altruism was that it is to save the Other, to actualize social justice, and to protect the dignity of the Other. It is supposed the restraint of self-willingness to murder the Other through philosophical inquiry about the egology. It is the cause of war, and its solution. Further, Levinas thinks the altruistic justice to be a notion, which takes precedence over fair procedures, while modern ethics believe it to supplement the fair procedures within the context of freedom and equality. The dignity of the Other was added because the range of altruistic ethics is not only bounded to a specific situation, but is bounded within ordinary relationships with the Other, serving him as an absolute objective, above the level of supporting one's own existence; this is exactly what altruism aims for. In studying the aim of Levinas' Altruistic Ethics, its implication of elementary moral education is interpreted as prohibition of violence and bullying , preservation of peace. We would like to make poor and needy persons in my class, in our neighborhood, and in human race enrich their life in solving polarization of all walks of life. This is the process of practicing altruistic justice. We think of man as divine spark not as the moral developmental stage. We believe humane dignity is realized in practicing the other's dignity in the long run. Reciprocal altruism serves to the individual's or race's survival in a group but if they are out of group they belonged, wars between nations, religions, races are brought about under the influence of exclusiveness. To solve these problems we regard Other as God's trace, the highly precious person. We are to practice in a ordinary life the dignity of the Other which is the ultimate aim of Levinas' Altruistic Ethics.