보편적 기본소득에 대한 담론 고찰: Q-방법을 중심으로
A study of Discourse on universal basic income: Focusing on Q-methodology
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참고문헌
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초록
본 연구는 보편적 기본소득(Universal Basic Income: UBI)에 대한 학계 전문가와 정부・공공기관 및 민간기관 전문가들의 주관적인 인식을 Q-방법을 활용하여 심층적으로 탐구하기 위한 것이다. 연구분석 결과 UBI에 대한 4개 유형의 인식과 태도를 발견하였는데, 각 유형은 UBI에 대한 하나의 통합적인 관점을 나타내며, 각각의 유형은 UBI가 지닌 잠재력, UBI를 도입할 시 해결하여야 할 과제, 사회적 영향에 대하여 전문가들이 서로 동의하거나 동의하지 않는 내용에 따라 고유한 인식의 집합이 있음을 의미한다. 본 연구는 UBI의 특성에 대한 전문가들의 다면적인 관점에 대하여 심층적인 이해를 도모하여 UBI에 대한 학계의 논의를 더욱 풍부하게 한다는 점에서 이론적 시사점을 제공한다. 또한 UBI 관련 정책을 수립할 때 신속하고 합리적인 정보에 기반하여야 할 뿐만 아니라, 다양성을 고려하여야 한다는 실천적 관점에서의 시사점을 제공한다. 본 연구는 UBI 관련 정책 설계 과정에서 정책 효과의 미묘한 차이를 만들어 낼 수 있는 이해관계자들의 관심사, 가치들에 대하여 접근하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 마지막으로 Q-방법이 지닌 일반화 가능성이 부족한 점, 잠재적으로 연구자의 편견이 개입할 여지가 있다는 점 등의 한계가 존재하므로, 본 연구에서는 UBI와 관련된 인식과 태도에 대하여 보다 다각적인 이해를 촉진하기 위한 향후의 연구 방향을 제시하였다.
Abstract
This study is intended to in-depth explore the subjective perceptions of academic experts and experts from government, public, and private organizations regarding Universal Basic Income (UBI) using the Q-method. As a result of the research analysis, four types of perceptions and attitudes toward UBI were discovered. Each type represents an integrated perspective on UBI, and each type reflects the potential of UBI, the challenges that must be solved when introducing UBI, This means that there is a unique set of perceptions depending on what experts agree or disagree with regarding social influence. This study provides theoretical implications in that it enriches academic discussions on UBI by seeking an in-depth understanding of experts’ multifaceted perspectives on the characteristics of UBI. In addition, it provides implications from a practical perspective that when establishing UBI-related policies, not only should they be based on prompt and reasonable information, but diversity should also be taken into consideration. This study is significant in that it approaches the interests and values of stakeholders that can create subtle differences in policy effects during the UBI-related policy design process. Lastly, because there are limitations to the Q-method, such as its lack of generalizability and the potential for researcher bias, this study aims to promote a more diverse understanding of perceptions and attitudes related to UBI. Future research directions for this study were presented.
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