생리학적 욕망과 기하학적 이성 간의 갈등 -『정념론』을 중심으로 본 데카르트의 욕망관
The Conflict Between Physiological Desire and Geometrical Reason; -Descartes's Theory of Desire in The Passion of the Soul
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본 연구는 데카르트의 『정념론』을 중심으로 욕망(désir/desire)개념을 분석하고, 그 이론적･실천적 함의를 검토하고자 한다. 데카르트는 욕망을 관찰 가능한 생리적인 혹은 기계적인 운동의 결과물로 파악한다. 데카르트에게는 윤리학이 없다는 일반적인 이해와 달리 『정념론』은 윤리학적 기획의 산물이라고 할 수 있는데, 그는 여기서 영혼의 힘, 즉 자신의 의지를 통해 단호히 결단할 수 있는 능력을 누구나 갖고 있음을 자각시킬 수 있는 근거들을 제시하려고 노력한다. 이 과정에서 우연적이고, 수동적이기에 인간의 이성과 자유에 위배된다고 생각하였던 정념은 기존의 부정적 관점을 넘어서 자기보존이라는 일반적 원리로 승격된다. 반면 실천철학적인 차원에서 데카르트는 기존의 종교적 질서와 스토아주의적 윤리관을 답습하면서 근대적 사유체계와 기존의 윤리학적 질서가 충돌하는 양상을 보여준다. 그의 욕망관은 인간 본성에 대한 자연과학적 태도가 기존의 전통적 윤리관과 결합될 때 어떠한 한계를 가질 수 있는지 압축적으로 보여준다.
Abstract
This treatise is to show Which the concept of desire of Descartes has theoretical and practical meaning concerning with his The Passion of the Soul. Descartes understands that desire is a physiological or mechanical process and its products. People says that Descartes does not have ethics. But His The Passion of the Soul can be called the result of ethical project. He tries to present the foundation that every people can make their mind to do with their will. Usually passion is understood to be accidental and be not consistent with reason and freedom. So passion is regarded as to be overcome. But Descartes appreciates that passion has the universal principle of self-preservation. Nevertheless his ethical position seems to follows the religious doctrine of the middle ages and the traditional ethics of Stoa. From this cause his philosophy is said to includes the conflict between modern thought and traditional value. Especially His view of Desire intensively reveals that natural scientific attitude to desire has a philosophical problem linked with traditional ethics.
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