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온라인 수업에서 자기조절학습과 협동학습의 관계 및 이들이 인지적 참여수준에 미치는 영향에 대한 경로분석

A path analysis of the relationships among students' self-regulated, collaborative learning, and cognitive learning engagement in synchronous online courses

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주제분류교육학

초록

본 연구의 목적은 비동시적 온라인 학습의 맥락에서 자기조절학습이론과 협동학습이론의 관계를 경로분석을 통하여 탐색하는데 있다. 이 두 개념은 표면적으로 상반된 것처럼 보이나 도움찾기나, 협동학습의 자기조절적 성격 등의 측면에서 유사성을 지니고 있다. 또한 학습자들의 피드백에 대한 태도에 따라 이들 개념 간 관계는 긍정적/부정적일 수 있다는 것이 선행연구에서 설명되어진 바 있다. 본 연구는 비동시적 온라인 강좌를 수강하는 55명의 대학원생들이 가지고 있는 자기효능감, 자기조절학습전략, 피드백에 대한 태도, 협동학습 수준 등에 대한 정보를 수집하였다. 또한 이들 개념이 연구대상자들의 온라인 토론에 대한 인지적 참여수준에 어떻게 영향을 끼치는 지에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. 추리통계를 위한 통계기법 이외에 변인들 간 원인-결과 관계를 확인하기 위하여 경로분석기법이 사용되었다. 연구결과, 자기효능감은 자기조절학습에 긍정적 영향력을 행사하였으며, 자기조절학습은 피드백에 대한 태도를 경유하여 협동학습에 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 높은 수준의 자기효능감을 가지고 있는 학습자가 피드백에 대하여 긍정적 태도를 가지고 있을 경우 협동학습에 적극적으로 참여하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과는 협동학습이 학습자의 심리적, 인지적 변인의 복잡한 상호작용관계에 의하여 나타나는 결과임을 입증한다. 본 연구는 온라인 학습에 강력한 영향력을 행사할 것으로 알려진 자기조절학습과 협동학습이 별개의 개념이 아니라 상호 긍정적 역할을 수행하고 있음을 입증했다는 점에서 의미가 있다. 추후 연구에서는 수정된 경로모형에 대한 재검증, 피드백의 형태에 따른 관계의 변화, 인지적 참여수준 분석체계에 대한 탐구 등이 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

Abstract

Research on self-regulated and collaborative learning seems to make contradictory recommendations for the design of asynchronous learning environments. The former would suggest support for learning independence, while the latter would suggest enhancement of collaborative opportunities. Is a model of asynchronous learning that integrates self-regulation and collaboration possible? Based on an extensive literature review, several factors were identified that could connect self-regulated and collaborative learning and an integrated path model was created for empirical investigation. Data was collected from fifty-five graduate students taking asynchronous on-line courses through an on-line questionnaire and a rating scheme for cognitive learning engagement during discussion. Various statistical methods were employed including regression and path analysis. The analyses revealed that self-efficacy has an effect on SRL, which also has an effect on collaborative learning mediated by attitude towards feedback. That is, highly self-regulatory students with high self-efficacy participate in collaborative learning processes more effectively, as long as they have positive attitude towards feedback. This result suggests that students' collaborative learning is a result of interwoven relationships among their psychological and cognitive states. Although previous studies have emphasized either SRL or collaborative learning as important variables in successful on-line learning experiences, it appears that they are not separated but connected through the presence of other variables. Suggestions for future research include a revised path model, the investigation of feedback types and the classification scheme for the cognitive learning engagement, and consideration of different research settings.

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