집단지성의 교육적 적용을 위한 개념모형과 설계 원리
Conceptual Design Principles of Collective Intelligence
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본 연구는 기존의 집단지성에 대한 이론적 검토와 관련된 문헌들의 연구를 통해 교육 분야에서 새로운 집단 활용 전략으로서의 집단지성의 개념적 모형을 탐구하고 이를 기초로 하여 교육현장에 적용 가능한 집단지성 설계원리를 탐색 하고자 한다. 연구결과 집단지성을 구성하는 개념모형의 요소로 공유된 멘탈 모형, 협력지성, 다양성, 사회적 네트워킹, 집단 기억체제, 통합수행으로 여섯 가지를 제시하였다. 공유된 멘탈 모형이란 집단의 공유된 정체성과 목적의식에 기초한 집단행동의 역량을 모으는 작용을 한다. 협력지성이란 구성원들이 서로 효과적으로 협력할 수 있는 능력을 의미한다. 다양성이란 개개인이 가진 이질성을 인정하고 이들이 가진 이질적인 차이가 집단 창의성을 발휘할 수 있게 한다. 사회적 네트워크란 어디에나 분포하고 실시간으로 조정이 가능한 인프라의 제공을 의미한다. 이러한 인프라는 분산된 인적 및 물적 자원의 연결을 통한 유기체적인 역동적 상호작용을 가능하게 한다. 집단 기억체제란 집단지성의 과정과 결과를 통해 나온 산출물을 기억하여 언제든 쉽게 접근하여 활용할 수 있는 집단의 노하우를 집적할 수 있는 기억체제이다. 마지막 요소는 통합수행으로, 집단지성의 과정을 통해서 나온 결과물을 의미한다. 이러한 집단지성의 개념적 모형은 교육영역에 적용한다면 매우 효과적인 집단 활용 학습모형을 제시해 줄 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서 제시된 설계 원리는 일반적인 원리로서, 보다 구체적인 집단의 맥락을 선정하여 실천적인 연구를 할 필요가 있을 것이다.
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to develop conceptual design principles of collective intelligence. The study suggested six components of the collective intelligence. The first element is shared mental model. Shared mental model means that group members have similar thinking and behave in similar pattern. The second element is collaborative intelligence. The collaborative intelligence means that group members have intention to collaborate each other and abilities to collaborate. The third element is social networking. The social networking means that group members are always connected with each other and share and working on the group tasks. The fourth is diversity. The diversity means that group members have a variety of background in sex, abilities, social status, job, and so on. The fifth element is collective memory system. The collective memory system means that group members save group processes and group products in permanent way so that they can access and utilize those information or knowledge anytime. The last element is integrated group performance. The integrated group performance means outputs through collective intelligence processes. The conceptual model of collective intelligence can be utilized as a guideline for ideal group activities in educational field. The model just suggested not concrete principle but general principles because concrete principles can be different according to a specific group context. Following study can develop more concrete principles in a specific group context.
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