통합형 집단지성에 근거한 새로운 이러닝 시스템
A New e-Learning System Based on Integrative Collective Intelligence
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집단지성 혹은 집단지능이라고 번역되는 collective intelligence는 다수의 사람들에 의해 제공되는 정보를 통합적으로 처리하여 유용한 일에 사용하는 능력이라고 할 수 있다. 집단지성은 흔히 IT 기술의 바탕 위에서 구현되는데 참여자들의 직접적인 협업에 근거한 위키피디아나 한국의 지식 iN 같은 협업형(collaborative) 집단지성으로부터 사용자들의 직접적인 협업이 아니라 독립되고 분산된 정보를 고도로 발달된 기술과 알고리즘을 통하여 통합적으로 처리하여 새로운 지식을 만들어내는구글의 페이지랭크(PageRank)와 같은 통합형(integrative) 집단지성에 이르기까지 다양하다. 교육과 관련해서 지금까지집단지성이 여러가지 공헌을 해왔지만 대부분은 다수 참여자들의 협업에 의하여 콘텐츠를 형성하는 단순한 협업형 집단지성의 형태에 국한되어져 왔고 고도의 기술력이 결집한 통합형 집단지성의 교육 시스템은 아직 개발이 미흡한 단계이다. 본 논문에서는는 집단지성을 단순히 학습콘텐츠를 취합하는데 활용하는 기존 이러닝 시스템의 패러다임에서 벗어나 학습자들의학습활동, 학습경로 학습과정, 선행지식, 관심사 등의 정보를 실시간 통합하고 분석하여 사회역학을 생성함으로써 학습자 상호간의 경쟁과 협업을 유도하는 통합형 집단지성에 기반한 새로운 이러닝 시스템을 소개한다. 이러한 이러닝 시스템은 학습자들에게 자신의 동류집단(Peer Group), 준거집단(Reference Group), 팀(Team)에 속한 다른 학습자들과의 암묵적이거나의도적인 상호작용을 통하여 이러닝 시스템의 근본적인 취약점으로 인식되어왔던 학습동기 저하의 문제를 상당 부분 해소함과 동시에 집단지성을 이러닝 시스템에 접목시키는 새로운 시각을 제시할 것으로 기대된다.
Abstract
Collective intelligence (CI) refers to the capability of human communities by which information offered by multiple individuals can be put together into useful forms for the benefit of the community. CI, while commonly implemented via IT (information technology), varies from collaborative CI, which is built on the basis of direct collaboration among the participants (e.g., Wikipedia or Naver’s Knowledge Man), to integrative CI, which produces new forms of knowledge by combining independent and distributed information through highly advanced technologies and algorithms (e.g., Google’s PageRank). In relation to education, CI has made various contributions, but most of them have been limited to the creation of relatively simple collaborative CI applications while not much effort has been made to apply it to the creation of more technically sophisticated integrative CI applications. Going beyond the extant paradigm of e-learning systems that simply utilizes CI for the gathering of learning materials, this paper introduces a new e-learning system that integrates and analyzes the information about learners’learning activities, learning paths, learning processes, and learners’prior knowledge and interests so as to produce social dynamics, through which competition and collaboration among the system users are encouraged and facilitated. By affording its users to implicitly and explicitly interact with other system users who belong to the same virtual peer group, reference group, and study team, this integrated CI-based e-learning system is expected to not only alleviate the persistent problem of low study motivation commonly associated with traditional e-learning systems, but also provide a new perspective on how CI can be utilized for e-learning. Keywords:
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