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위키기반 CSCL에서 그라운딩 지원도구의 설계기반연구

The Design experiments of Grounding Supporting Tools in Wiki-based CSCL

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주제분류교육학

초록

본 연구의 목적은 설계기반연구를 통해 위키 기반 CSCL 환경에서 그라운딩 지원 도구를 개발하고, 개발된 지원도구를 교육현장에 적용하였을 때 학습자간 상호작용과 협력적 지식 구축활동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 검증하는데 있다. 선행연구 분석과 3차에 걸친 현장 적용 및 정련과정을 거쳐 그라운딩 지원도구의 설계원리로 ‘내용 외현화 지원’, ‘질문/답변 활동 지원’, ‘상황맥락의 인식 지원’, ‘지시대상의 인식 지원’, ‘피드백 메시지의 교환 촉진’, ‘그라운딩 스크립트의 제공’, ‘협력활동의 지원’, ‘동료활동 인식지원’등의 여덟 개 원리를 도출하고 이에 따라 최종 개발을 완료하였다. 개발된 지원도구의 효과를 알아보기 위해 초등학교 5학년 학생 66명을 대상으로 실험연구를 실시한 결과, 그라운딩 지원도구의 제공 여부에 따라 정적 그라운딩 메시지의 비율에 유의한 차이가 나타났다(χ2=7.89, p=.048). 한편 개별 학습자들의 지식이 팀원 전체에게 공유된 정도를 알아보기 위해 집단간 공유지식기반 점수의 차이를 분석한 결과, 실험집단의 공통된 지식으로써의 공유지식기반 점수가 유의하게 높았으나(U=32.00, p=.036) 팀원에 대한 인식(t=-.38, p=.708)과 팀과제에 대한 인식(t=.97, p=.337)에 있어서 모두 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 지원도구의 제공여부가 포트폴리오 점수에 미치는 효과를 확인하기 위해 집단별 포트폴리오 점수의 차이를 분석한 결과, 그라운딩 지원도구를 제공한 집단의 포트폴리오 점수가 유의하게 높았다(U=24.00, p=.010). 이상의 연구결과는 텍스트기반의 비동시적 상호작용이 주를 이루는 CSCL환경 설계시 학습자간 커뮤니케이션과 지식공유를 촉진하기 위한 구체적 방안을 제시한다는데 의의가 있다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to design and develop supporting tools for grounding activities in wiki-based CSCL, and figure out what effects the tools have in the learner's interaction and collaborative knowledge building. The results of this research were as follows: First, grounding supporting tools had been refined through design experiment in terms of the design principles. As a result of the design experiments, eight design principles were defined such as ‘externalization support of content’, ‘activity support of the question and answer’, ‘awareness support of context’, ‘awareness support of referent’, ‘exchange facilitation of the feedback messages’, ‘supply of the grounding script’, ‘support of collaboration’, ‘awareness support of peer's activities’. Second, the positive grounding messages were significantly different among the groups(χ2=7.89, p=.048). Third, after analysis based on the Mann-Whitney U test it was found that the common ground score as shard knowledge was significant(U=32.00, p=.036) But, the awareness score of the team member and task were not statistically significant. Fourth, the result of the analysis for the portfolio score was significant(U=24.00, p=.010). To sum up, the study suggested the following implications: grounding supporting tools facilitate the meaningful interaction between participants and improves common ground as shard knowledge and the activities for collaborative knowledge building in wiki-based CSCL.

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