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MOOC 대시보드 설계원리 개발: 자기조절학습 촉진을 중심으로

Development of MOOC Dashboard Design Principles to Support Self-Regulated Learning

임규연|은주희
한국교육공학회 (Korean Society Of Educational Technology)|2019.09|교육공학연구 (Journal of Educational Technology)|제35권 제3호|pp. 655-685|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.17232/KSET.35.3.655

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키워드

자기조절학습self-regulated learning설계원리MOOCdashboard대시보드design principles
주제분류교육학

초록

대시보드는 시각화된 학습활동 정보를 통하여 학습자 자신이 미처 파악하지 못한 진행상황을 인지하도록 지원함으로서 학습과정 및 결과에 대한 새로운 통찰력을 제공해주는 도구이다. 이 같은 대시보드는 학습과정에서 다양한 데이터가 생성되는 온라인 환경을 중심으로 활용되는데, 최근에는 대규모 공개 온라인 강좌인 MOOC(Massive Open Online Course)에서 강조되고 있다. MOOC 학습자는 스스로 자신의 학습과정을 계획, 점검, 성찰하는 자기조절학습을 필수적으로 수행해야 한다. 이에 본 연구는 MOOC에서 자기조절학습을 촉진하기 위한 대시보드 설계원리를 개발하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 자기조절학습의 이론적 프레임워크에 따라 문헌분석을 실시하여 설계원리를 도출하였으며, 이 과정에서 MOOC, 자기조절학습, 대시보드의 3세 가지 영역에 대한 관점을 통합적으로 반영하였다. 이에 더하여 대시보드 사례분석 및 학습자 요구분석을 실시함으로써 기존 사례가 제공하는 시사점과 실제 학습자 경험 역시 고려하였다. 분석 결과, MOOC에서는 학습자 개개인의 목표설정을 지원하는 것이 무엇보다 중요하였으며, 이에 따라 목표성취를 위한 학습자의 인지, 동기, 행동 그리고 맥락영역에서의 자기조절학습을 지원하는 설계가 필요하였다. 이를 반영하여 4개의 설계원리 및 10개의 세부적인 설계지침을 도출하였으며, 전문가 검토 과정을 거쳐 최종적으로 4개의 설계원리 및 9개의 설계지침을 확정하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 대시보드 설계원리는 향후 자기조절학습 촉진을 위한 대시보드 개발의 준거로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

Abstract

A learner dashboard is a useful tool to support self-regulated learning by enabling learners to be aware of their learning progress based on visualized learning activity information. Dashboards are mainly used in an online learning environment and recently highlighted in MOOCs(Massive Open Online Courses). Given that MOOC learners may have difficulty in persisting their learning, there exists a strong needs for supporting learning, especially in planning and monitoring their own learning process. The aim of this study is to develop dashboard design principles to support self-regulated learning in MOOCs. In order to achieve the goal, relevant literature was analyzed in terms of the design of MOOCs, self-regulated learning theories, and dashboard, which provided a comprehensive perspective of the design principles. Existing dashboards and MOOC learners’ needs were also analyzed to integrate practicality. As a result, four design principles and nine detailed design guidelines were derived, which were validated by field experts. The results revealed that learners’ goal setting was the most important in MOOCs to promote self-regulated learning. The suggested design principles will be applied as a guideline at the stage of MOOC dashboard development.

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