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인식연결망분석(ENA)을 적용한 문제해결과정 비교: 초급자와 중급자, 전문가의 문제해결과정 탐색

Comparison of the problem-solving process of novices, intermediates and experts: Using epistemic network analysis

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주제분류교육학

초록

최근 테크놀로지의 발전과 복잡한 문제의 발생에 따라 문제해결역량의 중요성이 더욱 강조되고 있다. 복잡한 사고 과정을 수반하는 문제해결과정에서 다양한 어려움을 겪는 초급자에게 점진적 지원을 제공하기 위하여 초급자와 중급자, 전문가의 문제해결과정 차이를 탐색하는 것이 선행되어야 한다. 본 연구는 초급자와 중급자, 전문가의 문제해결과정을 탐색하고 각 집단의 문제해결과정을 전체 과정과 세분화된 시점을 기준으로 비교함으로써 각 집단의 문제해결과정을 이해하려는 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위해 초급자, 중급자, 전문가 집단을 선정하여 문제해결 과제로 프로그래밍 문제를 제시하고, 문제해결과정을 녹음한 전사본을 문제해결과정 프레임워크에 따라 분석한 후 인식연결망분석(Epistemic Network Analysis)을 실시하여, 문제해결과정에서 동시 출현하는 행동 패턴을 도출하였다. 분석 결과, 전반적인 문제해결과정에서 초급자는 시행착오(trial-and-error)를 통해 문제해결을 시도하는 경향을 보였으며, 중급자는 문제해결을 위해 수립한 계획에 따라 문제해결을 실행하고 문제해결과정을 지속적으로 점검하며, 전문가는 문제해결과정을 점검하는 행동과 높은 품질의 문제해결안을 도출하려는 행동을 나타냈다. 문제해결과정의 초, 중, 후반 시점에 따른 행동의 차이를 분석한 결과, 세 시점에 따라 주요 행동 패턴이 다르게 나타난 중급자 및 전문가와 다르게 초급자는 시행착오 전략 위주의 문제해결 행동을 반복적으로 수행하는 경향을 보였다. 분석 결과를 바탕으로 초급자의 문제해결과정을 지원하기 위하여 문제해결과정의 초반과 중반, 후반부에 필요한 지원 방안에 대한 시사점을 제시하였다.

Abstract

Problem-solving skills have recently been emphasized to a great degree in learning as technology advances and complex problems increase. Novices experience various difficulties in problem-solving. To provide progressive support to novices, we should understand the differences in the problem-solving processes of novices, intermediates, and experts. This study aims to explore the problem-solving process of novices, intermediates, and experts by comparing their problem-solving processes. To this end, groups of novices, intermediates, and experts were selected and provided with programming problems, and their problem-solving processes were transcribed and coded according to the framework of the problem-solving process. Epistemic network analysis (ENA) was conducted to analyze the co-occurrence pattern of problem-solving behaviors. In general, the novices attempted to solve problems using a trial-and-error strategy. The intermediates continued monitoring their process with the plan they established. The experts monitored their process and considered the quality of the solutions. The analysis of the problem-solving process according to the time indicated different behavior patterns among the groups. The study discussed the strategies for novices in problem-solving at specific times.

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