ChatGPT가 교육 및 학술연구 분야에 미치는 잠재적 영향: 국내외 연구동향 검토
Potential Impact of ChatGPT on Education and Academic Research: Review of Trends in Korea and Overseas
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 ChatGPT와 같은 생성형 AI 기술이 빠르게 발전함에 따라 교육 및 학술연구 분야에 제기되는 당면과제를 식별하여 향후 방향성을 모색하는 것이다. 이를 위해 ChatGPT를 활용한 국내외 연구동향을 분석하고, 교육 및 학술적 맥락에서 ChatGPT의 활용이 미치는 잠재적 영향을 도출하였다. 본 연구에서는 국내외 연구동향을 살피고자 국내 문헌은 DBpia, Riss, 교보문고, 국외 문헌은 Google Books, Web of Science, Scopus 데이터베이스에 관련 키워드를 조합하여 2023년 8월 26일까지 출판된 도서 및 학술연구를 검색하였다. 문헌 수집 및 정제 과정에 따라 총 404편의 연구가 분석에 활용되었다. 주요 연구결과로는 첫째, ChatGPT를 저자로 등재한 연구는 학술논문에 비해 도서에서 활발히 이루어지고 있었으며, 그 수는 당해 연도에 급격한 증가를 보였다. 둘째, ChatGPT의 활용을 명시한 연구는 공학과 사회과학 분야에서 가장 많이 수행되었고, 활용방법으로는 품질 평가 연구와 사례 분석 연구가 가장 많은 비중을 차지하였다. 셋째, 교육에 대한 기회는 평생학습 기회 부여, 대화형⋅맞춤형 학습 촉진, 교수자 업무량 감소가, 위협에는 오개념 형성, 교육적 불평등 심화, 고차사고능력 저하가 포함되었다. 넷째, 학술연구 분야에서 기회는 연구 생산성 향상, 연구 질적 수준 제고, 논문 심사 및 제반 업무 효율화가, 위협에는 연구 독창성 제한, 학문적 무결성 위협, 편견 및 차별 위험이 포함되었다. 분석 결과를 바탕으로 교육 및 학술연구 분야에 영향을 줄 수 있는 장벽이나 제약을 개선하기 위한 실천적 시사점을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 예방적 접근 방식으로써 제도적, 행정적 토대를 마련하고자 하는 다양한 이해관계자들에게 유용한 기초자료가 될 수 있기를 기대한다.
Abstract
This study investigated the evolving landscape of educational technology, with a focus on the rapid development of generative AI technologies, exemplified by ChatGPT. The objective is to discern challenges and chart future directions for education and academic research. Research trends were analyzed both in Korea and internationally, utilizing databases such as DBpia, Riss, Kyobo Book Centre, Google Books, Web of Science, and Scopus. The integrative review covered literature until August 26, 2023, yielding insights from 404 studies. Notably, research featuring ChatGPT as an author exhibited a notable surge, particularly in books. Additionally, studies concentrating on ChatGPT’s application were predominant in engineering and social science, often employing quality assessment and case analysis methods. The study identifies opportunities in education, including facilitating lifelong learning, fostering interactive and personalized learning experiences, and alleviating instructors’ burdens. However, it also highlights threats such as potential misconceptions, deepening educational disparities, and a decline in higher-order thinking skills. In academic research, opportunities encompass heightened research productivity, improved quality, streamlined paper reviews, and overall increased work efficiency. Conversely, threats include potential constraints on research originality, challenges to academic integrity, and risks of bias and discrimination. Based on these findings, practical implications were presented to overcome barriers and enhance the positive impact on education and academic research.
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