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ChatGPT의 교육적 활용 관련 연구동향 및 주제 분석

The Analysis of Research Trends and Topics about the Educational Use of ChatGPT

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초록

본 연구는 생성형 인공지능인 ChatGPT의 교육적 활용 관련 연구동향 및 주제를 파악하고 시사점을 도출하기 위한목적으로 실시되었다. 2022년 12월부터 2023년 5월까지 발표된 관련 문헌 72편(국내: 14, 국외: 58)을 수집하여 체계적 문헌분석과 텍스트 마이닝 기법을 활용한 토픽 분석을 실시하였다. 체계적 문헌분석 결과, 문헌의 수가 3월에 급격히 증가하였으며 개념연구와 실증연구가 비슷한 비중으로 많이 나타났다. 연구 대상 학교급은 유아, 초등, 중등보다 고등교육 맥락에서연구가 많이 이루어졌으며, 연구된 교육분야는 의학·간호와 언어교육에서 많이 수행된 것으로 나타났다. LDA(Latent Dirichlet Allocation) 기반 토픽 모델링을 분석한 결과 연구동향의 주제는 (1) 의학·간호교육에서 ChatGPT로 인한 영향과 대비, (2) 교과 내 ChatGPT 실제적 적용의 영향 탐색 및 프레임워크 제안, (3) 교과실제 및 연구에서 ChatGPT 활용으로 인한 미래 고찰, (4) 평가에서의 ChatGPT 성능 분석, (5) 교과 학습 활동 및 과제에서 ChatGPT 활용 방안 탐색, (6) 고등교육에서 ChatGPT 활용 시 고려사항, (7) 교과에서 전문가, 교사, 학생의 ChatGPT 활용 경험 기반 시사점, (8) 교과에서 ChatGPT 활용에 대한 가능성과 도전의 총 여덟 개로 나타났다. 도출된 결과를 토대로 ChatGPT의 교과교육적 활용 및 향후 관련 연구에 대한 시사점을 제시하였다.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify research trends and topics related to the educational use of ChatGPT, a generative artificial intelligence, and to draw implications. The study analyzed 72 related literatures (domestic: 14, foreign: 58) published from December 2022 to May 2023, and topics were analyzed through the systematic literature review and text mining techniques. Regarding the result of the systematic literature review, the number of related literatures increased rapidly in March, and conceptual studies and empirical studies appeared in a similar proportion. Regarding the LDA-based topic modeling analysis, the topics of research trends are (1) impact and preparation of ChatGPT in medical and nursing education, (2) exploration of the impact of ChatGPT in practices and proposing frameworks, (3) future consideration about the use of ChatGPT in practices and research, (4) evaluating ChatGPT performance, (5) exploring ways to use ChatGPT in subject-specific learning activities and tasks, (6) considerations for using ChatGPT in higher education, (7) implications drawn from the experience of using ChatGPT by experts, teachers, and students, and (8) possibilities and challenges of using ChatGPT in education. Based on the results, we present ways to use ChatGPT for education and implications for future related studies

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