직업윤리의 역사적 기원에 관한 고찰 - 뒤르켐의<직업윤리와 시민도덕>을 중심으로 -

Abstract

Durkheim’s lecture on professional ethics was part of a series conducted with the intention of covering the entire realm of morality. His professional ethics research was a key part of the overall planning of moral sociology. In the industrial era, professional life is separated from the influence of family or religion, and becomes the most important part of human social life. However, it is difficult to establish new organic solidarity in the industrial era. This is because moral order has not developed properly in the economic field, which is the center of industrial society. For Durkheim, morality is the power to escape from anarchy and create social order. However, Doctrine, a free company in classical economics that claims that individuals’ self-control will be possible, will be an important source of moral corruption. Now, the center of human social life has changed to work and industry, and it is necessary to establish new morality for it and to define morality to regulate the economic domain. In ancient times and the Middle Ages, there was a professional association called the guild, and it had its own morality. From Durkheim’s point of view, the guild’s professional association aims for a kind of cooperation based on collective morality. However, with the emergence of large-scale industries along with changes in the industrial structure in the 17th and 8th centuries, the old guild fails to adapt to new industries. Durkheim admits that it is clear that the old- fashioned partnership that existed in the Middle Ages has completely disappeared. However, Durkheim believes that modern society where the guild has disappeared also needs professional associations to replace it. He points out that anomy exists in the professional system when moral integration is lacking at the point of bonding and exchange between professional classes. This problem is also related to the problem of today’s social polarization. This is because the disconnection between the economic sectors causes the economic middle class to collapse, resulting in polarization. Durkheim’s moral sociology, which emphasized the overcoming of anomy through moral integration, provides deep insights into overcoming modern polarization phenomena.