大山 李象靖의 理主氣資論 :退 · 栗 성리설과 대비하여

Abstract

Daesan(大山) Lee, Sang-chung(李象靖, 1711~1781) tried to sublate the theories of Toegye and Youlkok with his Lijukija Theory. From the Daesan's viewpoint, Toegye's danamic Li theory(理發說) which presupposes the dynamics of Li neglects the material character of Ki(氣資). The Lijukija theory sees that Li as a metaphysical entity cannot move by itself, and thus it can be moved only by the material dynamics of Ki. With this theory, Daesan criticizes the Moving Li theory(理動說) of Kwon Sangil(權相一), and his criticism can be applied to Toegye's dynamic Li theory. Daesan criticizes Youlkok not paying attention to Li's role of superintendence. In his view, Youlkok's theory of Kijai(機自爾說) neglects the fact that Li superintends all movements of the Universe. In this way, Daesan sublates Youlkok and Toegye. With his theory of Li's superintendence, he makes Youlkok's theory correct, and with his theory of Ki's material dynamics, he makes Toegye's theory straight. Therefore, it is not fair to say that Daesan's theory, whether in younger age or in older one, was under the dominant influence of Toegye. His theory overcame Toegye's theory and is much closer to Youlkok's theory than to Toegye's theory.