낙론계 성리학자들의 ‘리약기강(理弱氣强)’ 명제 인식 - 18세기 이후 한국성리학계의 ‘이기일원화(理氣一元化)’ 경향성과 관련하여

Abstract

This paper identified the aspects of understanding of Nakron Neo-Confucian scholars such as Noju Oh Huisang, Maesan Hong Jikpil, and Ganjae Jeon Woo on the ‘Liruo-Qiqiang理弱氣强’ proposition, and exmained their recognition on structure of ‘Li-Qi理氣’ in conjunction with the 'Li-Qi Unification' trend in the Korean Neo-Confucian community since the 18th century. Zhu Xi defiend the realistic relationship between the unmovable metaphyisical principle ‘Li’ and movable physical thing ‘Qi’ as ‘Liruo-Qiqiang’, this Chinese sentence is able to translate as ‘Li`s weakness and Qi`s strongness’. The proposition dose not deny that ‘Li’ is the principle of ‘Qi’ in the fundamental aspect of the Neo-Confucian system, but it is a proposition that reveals the realistic constraints that arise from the obscurity of "Lee" in the physical world, and in conclusion, it was suggested to emphasize the need for self-cultivation. However, Luo Qinshun, who emphasized that ‘Li-Qi’ is one thing without distinction, criticized the expression ‘qiang-ruo’ in that the expression ‘strongness’ and ‘weakness’ presuppose the existence of two things. After the 18th century, Nokmun Im Sungju and Nosa Ki Jeongjin attempted to unify the ‘Li’ and ‘Qi’ into one by proposing ‘the substantial sameness of Li and Qi’ proposition and ‘the confluence of one principle(Liyi理一) and different manifestations(fenshu分殊)’ proposition respectively. In response, Noju and Maesan criticized the Nokmun`s assertion, considering it as the theory that gives priority to material force, and the Ganjae judged Nosa`s claim as a kind of Li-monism and criticized it. In this process, three scholars all saw ‘Liruo-Qiqiang’ as a strong argument for clear division between ‘Li’ and ‘Qi’, and this argument makes it more clear to claim the presidency of ‘Li’. Regardless of whether the convergence is ‘Li’ or ‘Qi’, Nakron Scholars saw that the attempt to unify the two notions ‘Li-Qi’ itself undermines the absoluteness and morality of ‘Li’ by mixing ‘Li’ and ‘Qi’.