琿春 旗地의 소유와 운영, 1879-1931

Abstract

This work describes the unique changes that bannermen’s land(qidi) in Hunchun underwent from the late Qing era to the Japanese imperialist invasion by analyzing archival materials on Hunchun. Most previous researchers have held that as Han Chinese people poured into Manchuria in the late Qing period, they took over bannermen’s land plots in Manchuria, and bannermen were mostly reduced to tenants or farmhands. In Hunchun, however, despite the arrival of the Han Chinese and Koreans, the immigrants barely stripped the bannermen of their land. After the fall of the Qing dynasty, the lands owned by the Eight Banners were confiscated and sold by the succeeding Republican government. However, the Hunchun bannermen could easily recover their land. Moreover, the funds from the sales of the Eight Banners’ land plots were also invested in the Hunchun bannermen’s education and employment, so that they were able to enjoy the benefits. Moreover, the school land(xuetian) that was introduced to support the Hunchun bannermen’s education in the late Qing period continued to be managed by them and was expanded during the Republican era. It greatly fostered bannermen students’ education and helped them to find teaching positions in Hunchun after their graduation. Thus, the crisis of the Hunchun bannermen’s land only started after the Japanese colonialist authorities began to buy the land with the help of Korean-Chinese people in the mid-1920s. This research demonstrates that a more accurate understanding of the history of bannermen’s lands can only be based on a concrete analysis of various examples of bannermen’s lands in various locations.