朝鮮時代 三公의 官歷分析 - 엘리트 코-스 추적의 일단 -

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is tracing of elite course in the official system of Joseon dynasty. Elites of Joseon are civil officials who filled official posts in the State Cousil(議政府), the Six Ministries(六曹), the Royal Secretariat(承政院) and the Three Censorates(三司). Because target was so extensive, target was limited to people who was former the Prime Minister(領議政)·the Second Minister(左議政)·the Third Minister(右議政). Official posts of 298 people who was the Three Ministers(三公) for 408 years(1456-1863) from Sejo(世祖) to Cheoljong(哲宗) was pursued and analyzed. Statistical results of this reconciliation is as follows. First, they entered official posts as Jeongja(正字) of the Office of special Counselors(弘文館) and an Office drafted diplomatic documents and notes(承文院), Geumyeol(檢閱) of an Office drafted literary arts(藝文館) and Juseo(注书) of the Royal Secretariat(承政院) when they were successful on civil examination(科擧) about 30 years old. They filled the lowest group of the third grade(參下官) in the Office of special Counselors(弘文館), an Office drafted literary arts(藝文館) and the Royal Secretariat(承政院) by turns. They promoted from seventh rank to sixth(出六) through this official posts. After that, they took course of the Post of honorable and king's trusted vassal(淸望近侍職) mostly as the office of Inspector-General(大司憲) Jeongeon(正言)·Jipui(執義) and the Office of special Counselors(弘文館) Suchan(修撰)·Gyori(校理)·Eunggyo(應敎). Subsequently, they entered high officials of the road through promoted as a upper first of the third grade(堂上官), when they reached Jikjehak(直提學) of the Office of special Counselors(弘文館) and Jipui(執義) of the Office of Inspector-General(大司憲). After they promoted as a the lowest secretary of the Royal Secretariat(同副承旨), they were filled the Third Minister(右議政) with career which was served as the minister of Personnel Ministries(吏曹判書) through the head office of Inspector-General(司憲府 大司憲) or the vice minister of Personnel Ministries(吏曹參判). That was most representative promotion course. Geumyeol(檢閱)·Juseo(注書) of the lowest group of the third grade(參下) was the official post drafted Recording and Compilation of History(史官職) and the Office of special Counselors(弘文館) Suchan(修撰)·Gyori(校理)·Eunggyo(應敎) was the Post of honorable and king's trusted vassal(淸望近侍職) which collected public opinion of confucianists to be reflected in national office and reported it to lord. And the Seungji(承旨) was king's secretary and minister·vice minister was key positions of power which was in charge of administration. After all, theory that the official post of the Honorable and the most Important was represented of bureaucracy of the Joseon dynasty was confirmed. Official post which directly connected to inner circle of king and confucianists that was two sovereign powers of the Joseon dynasty was elite course. Because tracking official post which he served from first to the third minister each per person is so vast, process of the statistics that tracking official post of 198 for analysis will require a lot of time. Opportunely, Institute of Korean Studies, Kookmin University finished "The Study on the constitution of databases in bureaucracy and its Management system in Korean history" that performed with the financial support of the Korea research Foundation. So take advantage of the results and could save a lot of time and effort.