대한제국기 槐山郡 陵村里 농민층의 경제적 지위 - 안동김씨 제학공파 동족마을 사례 -

Abstract

There were 86 folk houses(戶) in nine small hamlets, Neungchon village(陵村里) of Goesan-gun(槐山郡). Among them, the number of Andong Kims' folk houses were 41(47.7%). On average, each of them lived in 3.45 kans(間) of thatched houses. Gang Ho-ju lived in the biggest house, 15 kan of thatched house. Each of Kim Sang-uk and Shin Un-gyeong owned two houses. Land of village was distributed over 24 areas. Fields were 16 gyeol(結) 48 bu(負) 6 sog(束)(41.4%) and rice paddies were 23 gyeol 36 bu 8 sog(58.6%). Therefore, total fields were 39 gyeol 85 bu 4 sog. Kims owned 28 gyeol 46 bu 7 sog(77.5%) and Kim Byeong-ho had 3 gyeol 94 bu 1 sog, 9.9% of land. At that time, landlords' landholding had the following characteristics. First, there were no big landowners and the scale was not big. The owners of 1 gyeol and over were only nine persons and the richest landowner owned just 3 gyeol 94 bu 1 sog. Second, landowners who ranked high cultivated land ranged from 70 to 100 percent by themselves. The third, differently from the Chungju-gun(忠州郡), managemental landowners and sharecropping landowners many appear. Ten landowners who ranked high were managemental and sharecropping landowners. Lastly, landowners centralized their lands around their residential districts to improve the efficiency of agricultural management. However, 31 residents(37.4%) had no their own lands. Now, take a look at residents' economic staus in Neungchon-ri. Among 83 residents, the rich farmers of 1 gyeol and over were only nine persons(10.8%) and each of middle-class farmers and small farmers was six persons(7.2%). Poor farmers were sixty two persons(74.7%) including thirty one farmers who had no own lands. This show the collapse of lower farming class and the uptrend of landowning class was accelerated. As a result, the polarization of landholding has become more serious.