범죄학과 인간본성론Ⅱ- 다면적(多面的) 인간본성의 범죄학 적용 : 다면적 인간본성의 역동적(力動的) 개념화(槪念化)
Criminology and Human NatureⅡ: Application of Multifaceted Human Nature to Criminology
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범죄학은 인간행동에 대한 학문이다. 따라서 인간에 대한 기본적 성찰(성찰)은 범죄학 이론의 근간(根幹)이 되며, 이론이 제시하는 인간행동에 대한 설명과 예측의 방향을 결정 짓는 잣대라고 할 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구(범죄학과 인간본성론 I, Ⅱ, Ⅲ)는 범죄학에 원용(援用) 될 수 있는 인간본성에 대한 과학적 논의들을 살펴보고, 이에 근거하여 범죄이론들이 기초로 하고 있는 인간본성론을 살펴보고, 범죄이론통합의 문제점과 대책을 논의해 보는 것을 그 취지로 한다. 그 첫단계로, 범죄학과 인간본성론 I: 다면적(多面的) 인간본성의 재발견이라는 제하(題下)의 논문은 과학의 역사속에서 논의 되어 온 인간본성에 대한 거대담론들을 요약·분석 하였고, 그것을 바탕으로 세 가지 개념화 경향(인간본성에 대한 규범적, 결정론적, 인식론적 개념화)을 도출하였다. 그리고, 인간본성의 다면성을 바탕으로 인간본성을 역동적으로 바라보는 새로운 페러다임(paradigm)을 제시하였다. 본 논문은, 그 두번째 단계로, 범죄학에서 인간본성에 대한 논의가 희박한 이유를 살펴보고, 범죄학의 범주내에서 행해진 인간본성에 대한 두 차례의 논의를 살펴본다. 그리고, 앞서 제시된 페러다임을 범죄학 이론에 원용(援用)하여 각각의 범죄학 이론들이 기초로 하고 있는 인간본성에 대한 암묵적 대전제(大前提, assumption) 들을 살펴보고, 범죄학에서 인간본성에 대한 전제가 갖는 문제점을 검토해 본다. 마지막으로, 도출된 문제점을 극복할 방안을 찾아보도록 한다. 요약하면, 본 논문은 범죄학에서 사용하고 있는 인간에 대한 암묵적 전제는 정적(static)이며 일차원적(uni-dimensional)이기 때문에, 범죄학 이론간 혹은 이론 내에서도 인간본성에 대한 전제와 인간행동에 대한 명제(命題)의 상충(相衝)이 나타남을 보여준다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위하여, 본 논문은 다면적 인간본성의 역동적 개념화 필요성과 그 방안을 제시한다.
Abstract
Criminology is a study of human behavior. Thus, understanding human nature will provide a theoretical foundation for explanation and prediction of human behaviors. To enhance our understanding of human nature, this series of studies (Criminology and Human Nature I, II, III) reviews discussions on human nature in various fields of sciences, examines underlying assumptions about human nature for each criminological theory, and discuss possible problems in integrating theories and possible solutions for the problems. As the first step, Criminology and Human Nature I reviewed theoretical discourses about human nature and drew three conceptualizations of human nature. Based on the findings, the study provided a new paragidm for understanding human nature in the field of criminology. The current study, as the second step, investigated three reasons for lack of discussion on human nature in the field of criminology. Utilizing the new paragidm suggested previously, the current study examined underlying assumptions about human nature for each criminological theory. Based on the examiniation, problems stemming from static and uni-dimensional assumption about human nature in criminology are discussed, and possible ways of overcoming the problems are suggested and discussed. The current study utilized three conceptualizations of human nature to investigate human nature assumptions of criminological theories, and suggested that a multi-dimensional dynamic conceptualization of human nature was required to refine, broaden, and integrate criminological theories.
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