범죄학과 인간본성론 Ⅲ: 역동적(力動的) 인간본성론과 3차원적 분석법 - 범죄학 이론통합의 문제점과 대안 -
Criminology and Human Nature Ⅲ: Dynamic Human Nature in Three Dimensional Continuum Analysis for Criminological Theories
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범죄학은 인간 이상행동(deviance, 異常行動)의 원인을 규명하는 학문이다. 따라서 인간에 대한 기본적 성찰과 그에 대한 대전제(大前提, assumption)와 실증적 연구를 바탕으로 이론을 정립, 인간의 이상행동을 예측하고 통제(統制, control)하는 것을 그 목표로 한다. 본 연구(범죄학과 인간본성론 I, II, III)는 범죄학의 근간이 되는 인간에 대한 대전제들을 살펴보고, 범죄학이론통합의 문제점을 극복하는 방안을 제시하는데 그 목표를 둔다. 그 첫단계로, 범죄학과 인간본성론 I: 다면적 인간본성의 재발견이라는 논문(교정담론, 3권 2호)에서는 인간본성에 대한 거대 담론들을 바탕으로 다면적 인간본성론(규범적, 결정론적, 인식론적 개념화)이라는 새로운 패러다임을 제시하였다. 두번째 단계로, 범죄학과 인간본성론 II: 다면적 인간본성의 범죄학 적용 – 다면적 인간본성의 역동적 개념화 – 라는 논문(교정담론, 4권 1호)에서는 다면적 인간본성론을 범죄학에 적용하여 범죄학이론의 인간본성에 대한 전제들을 분석, 문제점을 지적하고, 그 대안으로 역동적 개념화(즉, 인간본성의 연속성)의 필요성을 역설하였다. 마지막 세번째 단계로, 본 논문은 범죄학계의 새로운 경향인 이론통합의 사례, 이론통합의 방법을 살펴보고, 인간본성에 대한 전제의 문제점이 극명하게 들어나는 이론통합의 문제점을 지적한다. 그리고, 다면적 인간본성의 역동적 개념화를 통하여 지적된 문제점이 극복 될 수 있음을 보여준다. 구체적으로, 두번째 단계에서 제시한 역동적 개념화 방법(3차원적 연속성 분석을 통하여 인간본성에 대한 전제를 정적으로 보지 않고, 연속적인 상태로 보는 것)을 범죄학에 원용하여, 이론통합에 있어서 통합이 가능한 이론들을 선별해 낼 수 있는 실용적 대안을 제시한다.
Abstract
Criminology is a study of deviant human behavior. Thus, criminological theories are purported to develop a theory based on assumptions on human nature, describe and predict human behaviors to control and prevent criminal activities. This study (Criminology and Human Nature I, II, III) intends to examine human nature assumptions of each criminological theory, and to provide ways to avoid problems that might be encountered when criminological theories are integrated. As the first step, Criminology and Human Nature I: Multifaceted Human Nature (Korean Journal of Correctional Discourse, 3(2)) reviewed discussions about human nature in different fields of social sciences, and suggested a new paradigm, which is multifaceted human nature, to argue that human nature should be simultaneously understood in three different ways (normative, deterministic, and epistemological accounts). As the second step, Criminology and Human Nature II: Application of Multifaceted Human Nature to Criminology (Korean Journal of Correctional Discourse, 4(1)) attempted to apply the multifaceted human nature paradigm to criminological theories. The study showed problems in human nature assumptions in criminological theories and suggested that human nature should be understood, not as static, uni-dimensional characteristics of human being, but as dynamic and multi-dimensional traits human beings share. As the final step, this study reviewed examples of a new trend within criminology, which is theory integration. This study then discussed different ways of integrating theories and examples of the integration efforts. By so doing, this study identified problems in the process of theory integration. Using the 3 dimensional continuum analysis, suggested by the second part of the series of this study, this study attempted to show that the new paradigm, which emphasizes dynamic multi-dimensional human nature assumptions, could avoid the problems. Finally, this study argued that the new paradigm and the three-dimensional continuum analysis of human nature could help scholars in selecting and integrating different criminological theories.
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