조사면담 맥락에서 피해 아동의 폭로를 촉진하는 기법 고찰
Consideration of Techniques to Promote Disclosure of Child Victims in the Context of an Investigative Interview
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초록
아동은 가정 폭력이나 양육권 분쟁 등 다양한 범죄 사건으로 인해 법정 진술을 요구받는다. 특히, 아동의 진술만이 유일한 증거일 때 피해 사실의 폭로 여부는 사법적 판결에 중요한 사안이 된다. 그러나 여러이유와 정황들로 인해 아동이 피해 사실을 끝내 폭로하지 않거나, 폭로하더라도 사건 발생일로부터 매우 지체된 후 폭로하는 상황들이 발생한다. 따라서 정의로운 판결과 피해 아동의 삶의 안녕을 위해서라도 조사면담 시 아동의 정직한 폭로는 촉구되어야 한다. 현재, 아동의 사실 폭로를 촉진하는 방안으로 진실을 말할 것을 약속하기, 진실-거짓의 의미에 관해 이야기 나누기, 폭로 결과에 대해 안심시켜주기 등이 있다. 본 연구는 이 기법들에 관한 경험적 연구 결과들을 살펴보고 그 외에도 자백으로 추정되는 정보 전달하기, 아동의내외적 기준에 호소하기, 점화 현상 활용하기 기법에 관해서도 살펴보았다. 특히 사회환경적 요인의 영향을적게 받고 사실 폭로에 대한 아동의 심리적 부담을 덜어줄 수 있는 점화 현상 기법에 초점을 두고 설명하였다. 이 문헌 고찰을 토대로 국내에서도 아동의 사실 폭로를 지원하는 방안에 관한 학술 연구의 필요성과 다양한 연령을 대상으로 각 기법의 효과성이 독립적으로 검증될 필요성을 제언하였다.
Abstract
Children may be faced with a request for a statement of damages due to various legal events, such as domestic violence or custody disputes. In particular, if the child’s statement of the damage is the only evidence, without any physical evidence, whether or not the child will be exposed to the facts of the damage is very important to judicial decisions. However, for a variety of reasons and circumstances, children do not expose their victims, or even if they do, the disclousre is very delayed. Therefore, the disclosure of a child to a criminal case needs to be promoted, even for justice and the welfare of the victim's future life. Techniques that have been validated by empirical research include promising to tell the truth, truth-lie discussion, and reassurance. This study examines the effectiveness of these techniques, and also examines recently introduced techniques such as putative confessions, appealing to children’s internal and external standards, and utilizing priming. In particular, the focus was on priming techniques that are free from socio-environmental factors and can relieve the child’s psychological burden of disclosure. Based on the literature review on these various techniques, it is necessary to conduct in-depth studies on ways to promote disclosure of children in South Korea, and also to verify the effectiveness of each technique for children of various ages.
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