미제 연쇄 사건이 제조사 DNA 면봉 오염으로 확인된 사례
A Case in which an Unsolved Serial Crime was Confirmed to be Contaminated with a Manufacturer’s DNA Swab
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본 연구에서는 미제 연쇄 사건에서 확보된 STR이 면봉 제조사 직원에 의한 오염으로 파악된 사례에서 증거물의 특징을 분석하였다. 2016년 12월부터 2019년 1월까지 총 22건의 범죄에서 동일한 여성 STR 이 검출되었다. 그러나 2018년 6월에 일어난 16번째 사건의 범죄자 표현형은 CCTV에서 남성으로 확인됐다. 법과학 DNA 분야에서 기본이 되는 성별 식별에서 DNA 증거와 비-DNA 증거(non-DNA based investigation) 사이의 불일치에 대해 세 가지 시나리오를 제시하였다 첫째, 범인은 남성으로 변장한 여성, 둘째, 범인은 매우 드문 SRY-음성 XX 남성 증후군 환자로, Y 염색체가 없는 남성, 셋째, 동일인 여성에의한 오염일 수 있다. 오염된 증거물의 특징은 담배꽁초, 마스크 등 현장 증거물이 포함되지 않고, 22건 모두 면봉이었다. 사건의 유형이 살인 사건도 포함되었으나, 대부분 절도이고 증거물 유형이 특히 창(창틀, 방충망, 환풍구 등) 관련하여 미량의 DNA를 가진 비-산발적인 양상을 보여 동일범에 의한 연쇄 범죄로 추정되기도 하였다. 향후 현장 증거물 채취용 면봉은 ISO 18385 요구사항 준수 또는 최소 자체 평가가 된제품을 구매하도록 제도적 장치를 마련하여야 한다.
Abstract
In this study, the characteristics of the evidence were analyzed in cases where the STR obtained in the unsolved serial case was identified as contamination by the cotton swab manufacturer's staff. From December 2016 to January 2019, the same female STR was detected in a total of 22 crimes. However, the criminal phenotype of the 16th case, which occurred in June 2018, was confirmed as male by CCTV. Three scenarios were presented for discrepancies between genotype and non-genotype (phenotype) evidence in gender identification, which is fundamental in the field of forensic DNA. First, the criminal is a woman disguised as a male. Second, the criminal a very rare patient with SRY-negative XX male syndrome, a male without a Y chromosome. Third, it may be contamination by the same female. The characteristic of contaminated evidence was that it did not include original materials such as cigarette butts and masks, and all 22 cases were cotton swabs. Although the types of cases included murder case, most of them were theft, and the type of evidence was non-sporadic with trace amounts of DNA, especially in relation to windows (window frames, insect screens, vents, etc.), so it was presumed to be a serial crime by the same criminal. For evidence collection swabs, it is required to purchase products that comply with ISO 18385 requirements or have at least undergone self-evaluation.
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