미량 DNA 분석 과정에서 오염에 관한 고찰
A Study on Contamination in the Process of Trace DNA Analysis
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초록
인체 유류물 시료의 기원을 확인하는 것은 사법 절차에서 증거로서 중요하다. 최근 DNA 분석의 민감도 향상은 법과학 DNA 프로필의 획기적인 검출률 향상을 가져왔다. 극소량의 인체 시료에서 DNA 프로필을 생성하는 것이 가능하지만, 반면에 DNA 타이핑 기술은 범죄 사건과 무관한 DNA 프로파일을 탐지할 수 있다. 인체분비물이나 피부 세포와 같은 소량의 인체 유류물 시료에서는 전이에 의한 오염 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 이와 관련하여 법과학 분야에서는 DNA의 전이, 지속, 만연 및 DNA 회수에 대한 과학적 데이터가 필요하다. 과거에 법원은 DNA의 존재에 대한 증거를 요구했지만, 현재에는 DNA를 확보한 과정과 경위에 대한 사항을 요구하는 경향이 있다. 본 연구자들은 사실을 확인하기 위해 DNA 전이와 오염에 민감한 절도, 사기, 재물손괴 등의 생활 범죄 증거물 분석 결과를 조사했다. 이러한 문제를 인식하고 해결하기 위해서는 증거 수집, 실험실 환경 개선, 오염 제거 방법에 대한 교육 및 기술 평가를 고려하는 것이 필수적이다. 또한 범죄 현장 증거 수집 및 분석에 관여하는 경찰관, 과학수사요원 및 감정인의 DNA 프로필을 포함하는 배제 데이터베이스를 확장의 필요성을 강조하고자 한다.
Abstract
Identifying the origin of human biological samples is important for evidence in judicial proceedings. Recently, Advances in DNA typing technology have improved the sensitivity of DNA analysis. While it is possible to produce a DNA profile from tiny amount of human biological samples, the DNA profiling technology enable to detect DNA profile that is not unrelated to the criminal cases. Therefore, these advancements cause contamination problems in small amount of human biological samples such as human secretions or skin cells. Regarding the problem, the scientific data on transfer, persistence, prevalence, and recovery of DNA is needed in the field of forensic genetics. For this reason, the past courts demanded the evidence for presence of DNA, but the current courts tend to demand the evidence for circumstances in which DNA was obtained. In order to confirm the cases, we investigated the evidence of life crimes including theft, fraud, and property damage that are sensitive to DNA transfer and contamination. To recognize and solve these problems, it is essential to consider education and skill assessment on evidence collection, improvement the laboratory environment, and contamination removal methods. Furthermore, we emphasize the need to expand the elimination database to include the DNA profiles of police officers, investigators, and appraisers involved in the collection and analysis of crime scene evidence.
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