내륙습지 총량관리제도의 고찰 및 도입 방안 제안
Review of No Net Loss(NLL) of Wetland and Suggestion of Appropriate NLL in Korea
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초록
내륙습지는 생물 다양성 보존, 수질 정화, 홍수 조절, 탄소 흡수 등 중요한 기능을 제공한다. 그러나 도시화와 산업화로 인해 많은 내륙습지가 훼손되고 있어, 보전과 복원의 필요성이 커지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내외 사례를 고찰함으로써 습지 보전 및 복원을 위한 습지총량관리제도와 순손실방지(No Net Loss of Wetlands) 도입을 제안하였다. 이를 위해 미국, 캐나다, 독일, 일본, 호주의 습지 보전·관리 제도를 분석하고, 각국의 제도적 특징과 성공 요소를 도출하여 국내 상황에 맞게 적용할 방안 및 방향성을 모색하였다. 미국의 사례는 법적 틀과 민관 협력의 중요성을, 캐나다는 체계적 관리 방안을, 독일은 개발과 보전 간 균형 유지를, 일본은 협력적 보전 활동의 필요성을, 호주는 상쇄 시장의 효율성을 강조하였다. 이들 제도의 도입과 운영은 기후변화 완화, 생물 다양성 보전, 수질 개선에 기여할 것으로기대되며, 제도의 정착을 위해 지속적인 연구와 정책적 노력이 필요하다.
Abstract
wetlands provide important ecosystem services or functions, including biodiversity conservation, water purification, flood control, and carbon sequestration. However, many inland wetlands are being degraded by urbanization and industrialization, raising the need for conservation and restoration. This study proposes the adoption of No Net Loss(NLL) of Wetland for wetland conservation and restoration in Korea by the review of the literatures. To this end,, we analyzed the wetland conservation and management systems of the United States, Canada, Germany, Japan, and Australia, and identified institutional features and success factors of each country, and sought ways to adapt them to domestic conditions of Korea. The case of the United States highlights the importance of legal frameworks and public-private collaboration, Canada demonstrates systematic management approaches, Germany maintains a balance between development and conservation, Japan underscores the need for cooperative conservation efforts, and Australia emphasizes the efficiency of offset markets. The introduction and operation of these schemes are expected to contribute to climate change mitigation, biodiversity conservation, and water quality improvement, but ongoing research and policy efforts are needed to ensure that the schemes are well established.
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