기후변화 대응과 관련된 습지 활용사례 및 정책 개선방향
Improvement Considerations for Strengthening Wetland Policies with Case Studies Related to Climate Change Response Strategy
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참고문헌
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초록
기후변화는 전 지구적으로 심각한 영향을 미치고 있으며, 습지는 탄소 격리와 생물다양성 보전 측면에서 기후변화 완화와 적응에 중요한 생태계로 인정받고 있다. 그러나 우리나라의 습지 정책은 기후변화 대응 전략과의 연계가 부족하여 그잠재력을 충분히 활용하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 우리나라 습지가 기후변화에 효과적으로 기여할 수 있는 정책적 개선 방향과 주요 전략을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 국제사회의 기후변화 대응 노력과 주요 국가들의 습지활용 사례를 분석하고, 우리나라 습지 정책의 현황과 문제점을 비교·검토하였다. 체계적인 문헌 고찰과 TACCC (Transparency, Accuracy, Consistency, Completeness, Comparability) 원칙에 근거한 연구 결과, 기후변화 대응과 습지보전 정책의 통합적 접근의 필요성이 도출되었다. 특히, 습지의 탄소 격리 능력에 대한 과학적 평가와 이를 기반으로 한정책 수립이 가장 시급한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 다음과 같은 정책과제를 제안한다: (1) 기후변화 대응과 습지보전 정책 수립에 있어 통합적 접근을 통해 습지를 국가 온실가스 감축 목표(Nationally Determined Contribution, NDC)에 포함하고, 통합적인 기후변화 대응 전략을 수립한다. (2) 과학적 데이터 기반의 습지 관리를 위해 습지의 상태와 변화를 지속적으로 모니터링하고, 탄소 흡수량 등 정량적 데이터를 구축한다. (3) 중앙정부와 지자체 간 협력 강화를통해 지역 특성에 맞는 습지 보전 및 복원 전략을 마련하고, 지역 사회의 참여를 유도한다. (4) 자연기반해법(Naturebased Solutions, NbS)의 도입으로 습지의 기후변화 완화 및 적응 기능을 극대화한다. (5) 재정적 지원 확대와 전문 인력양성을 통해 습지 보전 정책의 실행력을 높인다. 이러한 습지 정책 개선 전략은 우리나라의 기후변화 대응 역량을 강화하고, 국제사회의 노력에 동참하여 지속 가능한 습지 생태계 관리에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.
Abstract
The impacts of climate change are being observed globally, and wetlands are known as important ecosystems for climate change mitigation and adaptation with carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation. However, current wetland policies in Korea are poorly related to climate change response strategies and are not fully utilizing the potential of wetland capabilities. This study aims to suggest improvement considerations and major strategies for strengthening wetland policies with effective tools for climate change response. Case studies and literature reviews on the international efforts to respond to climate change and the use of wetlands in major developed countries are used to identify the key factors to establish wetland policies with consideration of current status and different wetland issues in Korea. Results of this study with systematic literature review and TACCC(Transparency, Accuracy, Consistency, Completeness, Comparability) principles show that integrated approach on wetland policies to climate change response are needed. Based on the results, we propose the following policy recommendations. Firstly, carbon sequestration and storage are integrated through climate change response strategies and wetland conservation policies for national greenhouse gas reduction goals of Nationally Determined Contributions(NDC). Secondly, data-based wetland management should be implemented with scientific research, and wetland conditions and changes are continuously monitored, in particular quantitative data such as carbon absorption of wetlands are systematically collected. Thirdly, cooperating with central and local governments in wetland policies, public participation on wetland conservation are encouraged with establishment of wetland conservation and restoration strategies suitable for local characteristics. Fourthly, expanding the role of wetlands in climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies with incorporation of the Nature-based Solutions(NbS). Fifthly, the implementation capabilities of wetland conservation policies is enhanced by financial supports and training of wetland education and professionals. These wetland policies strengthens the ability of wetlands to respond to climate change effectively, and contribute to sustainable wetland ecosystem management by participating international efforts on wetland conservation and climate change. Key words : Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Nature
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