Anti-Oxidative, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Wrinkling Activities of Sambucus williamsii Hance Methanol Extracts
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Sambucus williamsii Hance traditionally used in oriental herbal medicine to treat bone disease. However, its anti-aging effects as a skin care ingredient has not been fully evaluated. Therefore, we investigated the antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-wrinkling activities of S. williamsii methanol extract in vitro using human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells. The total polyphenol contents of the leaf (SWL), tree (SWT), and seed (SWS) extracts were 48.605, 84.132, and 17.750 mgGAE/g, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of S. williamsii methanol extracts showed dose-dependent anti-oxidant activity. Nitrite production and pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-6 were reduced by after treatment with SWL extract. In addition, extract caused reduction in nitric oxide by affecting expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in LPS-activated RAW264.7 murine macrophages. S. williamsii tree extract decreased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and increased hydration related gene, AQP-3 expression in TNF-a stimulated HaCaT cells. Furthermore, SWT increased the hyaluronan synthase (HAS)-1, 2, and 3 mRNA levels. From these results, we conclude that S. williamsii methanol extract has excellent antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and even better anti-wrinkle effects. These results suggest that S. williamsii could be used in functional cosmetics for the prevention or alleviation of skin aging.
Abstract
Sambucus williamsii Hance traditionally used in oriental herbal medicine to treat bone disease. However, its anti-aging effects as a skin care ingredient has not been fully evaluated. Therefore, we investigated the antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-wrinkling activities of S. williamsii methanol extract in vitro using human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells. The total polyphenol contents of the leaf (SWL), tree (SWT), and seed (SWS) extracts were 48.605, 84.132, and 17.750 mgGAE/g, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of S. williamsii methanol extracts showed dose-dependent anti-oxidant activity. Nitrite production and pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-6 were reduced by after treatment with SWL extract. In addition, extract caused reduction in nitric oxide by affecting expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in LPS-activated RAW264.7 murine macrophages. S. williamsii tree extract decreased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and increased hydration related gene, AQP-3 expression in TNF-a stimulated HaCaT cells. Furthermore, SWT increased the hyaluronan synthase (HAS)-1, 2, and 3 mRNA levels. From these results, we conclude that S. williamsii methanol extract has excellent antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and even better anti-wrinkle effects. These results suggest that S. williamsii could be used in functional cosmetics for the prevention or alleviation of skin aging.
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